Only an estimated 10% of the population are fundamentalists, but the implementation of sharia has occurred in Aceh and it has the potential to spread because of the central government's unwillingness to separate religion and the state. Individual governments throughout the country have passed around 600 sharia-based bylaws (Bev, 2008)
Indonesia is a multiethnic land, so the implication of sharia could be natural for some groups but fractious for others. A poll found that 52% of Indonesians supported the imposition of sharia, which indicates that the nation is essentially split on the issue (Bell, 2008)
Compared to Malaysia, the nation's closest cousin, Indonesians have demonstrated significant ability to traverse different ethnic groups. The nation's motto has become practical philosophy, where disparate groups interact and work together (Raslan, 2009)
Unmarried young couples were forbidden to sit beside one another. Vendors are no longer allowed to sell pants to women (Simanjuntak, 2009)
It is interesting to note by their scale that the detractors' category represents perceptions ranking 1-6 while promoters are only 9-10. Figure 1 - Marketing NPS (Armstrong, 2014) Research Design and Methods The research design should be focused on Telkom customers and their current perceptions of the products and services that the organization offers
For international expansion, some countries has been carried out, such as East Timor, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Myanmar, while Telkom recently also officially entered Malaysia (Zulfikar, 2014). The company is planning to purchase cellular virtual network operators and enter these markets with only marketing expenditures and no actual physical development (Bisara, 2013)
To maintain this position of growth, the organization will have to continue finding new ways to leverage its paradox marketing strategy. A paradox marketing strategy is defined as one that combines elements of marketing that were previously thought to be mutually exclusive or contradictory to each other based on the traditional formulation of a marketing strategy that utilizes the 4Ps of marketing -- product, place, price, and promotion (Triayantoro, 2013)
This represents domestic growth services both along horizontal and vertical channels. For international expansion, some countries has been carried out, such as East Timor, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Myanmar, while Telkom recently also officially entered Malaysia (Zulfikar, 2014)
4%. The transformation of these countries from poor and largely rural economies to vibrant middle income economies is one of the most extraordinary economic success stories in world history (Berg)
International "market failures" in terms of capital flow resulted in large capital inflows to South East Asia and the so-called crony capitalism in South East Asia resulted in increased local speculative investments in real estate, substandard infrastructure and flawed financial activities. Thus the burst of this Asian financial bubble appeared in the context of low and further declining capital returns on investments (Bustelo)
Moreover it has an enviable 1.5% share of global output which is expected to increase in the coming years (Elias and Noone)
This resulted in huge capital inflows. However, strategists were more worried by how the capital inflow was going to affect the Korean export competitiveness via the appreciation of the local currency, that they failed to see the ensuing financial instability (Kihwan)
6. Conclusion Several Eastern Asia economies have suffered economic shocks of unexpected severity in the midst of sustained high growth (Lee)
The local currency further depreciated as the local banks and other financial institutions rushed to shore up their foreign exchange reserves as it became clear that the capital inflow into the country had stopped. The signs of moral hazard and too much leveraging were much more obvious when the foreign reserves held by local banks suddenly disappeared resulting in more pressure on these banks yet they were already destabilized by non-performing loan books (Nematnejad)
Many financial experts agree that the 1980s, 1990s and the early 21st century could be referred to as the age of global capitalism. In fact nowadays it is rare to open a newspaper and not find a story on global capitalism (Park)
In fact the level of economic decline was so drastic that according to Jean-Michel Severino, the World Bank Vice President at the time, no other country in the world had ever experienced such a dramatic reversal in economic growth in recent history (International Herald Tribune: Opinion, 8). The most evident social effects of the Asian crisis in Indonesia were unemployment and high inflation and eventually poverty (Ramesh)
The crisis was caused by financial speculation that resulted in the withdrawal of funds from the Korean and Thai stock markets and major shocks to their respective currencies. The Asian crisis eventually resulted in the stagnation of several South East Asian economies (Sutthirak and Gonjanar)
The Asian crisis also resulted in a considerable drop in the per capita income and a significant rise in the poverty rate. All these provide enough proof that the depreciation of the Rupiah caused more harm than good to the Indonesian economy (Tambunan)
The environmental disaster was quite symbolic because not only did the smoke cloud the air, it also seemingly impeded the scrutiny of the causes of the Asian crisis. This failure by financial experts led to the sharp drop in output among the affected economies (Yap)