In a region that respects, protects, and provides the rights of the inhabitants, the impacts of HIV and AIDS, both societal and personal, get to be reduced. When discrimination and stigmatization is discouraged in a region those infected with HIV receive an open and supportive environment, they get to be treated with dignity, they are not afraid to seek treatment, care and support therefore containing the disease becomes easier (Tarantola, 1995)
For generations, nations did not try much to change moral issues in other states. According to the research, "realist scholars argued that it was inappropriate for states to consider moral issues in foreign policy" (Allendoefer 2010 p 7)
S. Defense Department and State Department programs that provide assistance to security forces in other countries, imposes a mandatory vetting and validation requirement" which is partly based on a nation's potential for violating international human rights laws (Chishti 2011)
Rating system which places countries in specific tiers based on their efforts to curb human trafficking. Ratings are downgraded when nations are "not complying with minimum standards required to address the trafficking of people" (Hunt 2012)
In fact, Nielsen (2012) illustrates how many private donors refuse to give aid to some violators, but give much more to others, representing how aid is not restricted equally. According to the research, "foreign aid donors impose aid sanctions for human rights violations," yet "they do so selectively" (Neilson 2012 p 2)
In fact, it has been a strategy that has been used, yet this use has often proved to be unregulated and uneven, costing crucial effectiveness. The United States spends over $2 billion annually on economic support funds (Lum 2008)
The primary conclusions that one can draw from this article is the severe limitations of the truth commissions, which are largely at the mercy of a host nation to provide evidence and documentation for its history of human rights violations. One of the most salient points of all three readings was the point made in Hayner's article that truth commissions, which are directly related to the attempts of the ICC, do not serve so much to identify the truth as they do to "acknowledge" (Hayner 607) the truth of what happened in the past
Victor Peskin's 2009 article, "Caution and Confrontation in the International Criminal Court's Pursuit of Accountability in Uganda and Sudan" provided a clear look at some of the internal processes and challenges faced by the ICC's prosecutor, Luis Moreno-Ocampo. In particular, this article focused on why it was advantageous for the prosecutor to initially attempt conciliatory stances about the regimes he was looking to attempt to pursue human rights violation cases in, Uganda and Sudan, and why it was that this attorney was then forced to utilize more stringent measures of prosecution ("confrontational") (Peskin 655) to aid his work
In several ways, the main point of Donnelly's article was to describe the limitations of human rights in its ability to successfully begat enforcement on an international basis. The thesis of this article, in which the author described a number of different applications and varieties of definitions and conceptions of human rights, was that human rights are inherently "contingent and relative" (Donnelly 289)
One of the strongest points about this piece of literature is the author's perspective; it is quite clear that he truly wishes to punish those who have wantonly transgressed the human rights of others, and the tone and voice in which the article is written reflects this point-of-view accordingly. Unfortunately, the author's unflinching realism in the pursuit of legislation that could lead to penal consequences for such transgressors demonstrates, among other things, that there are numerous complications to the implementation of such measures, including difficulties with extrapolation and other judiciary procedures (such as plea bargains, wide sweeping counts of conspiracy, and trials in absentia) (Farer 96)
By comparison, Farer's article is outright optimistic in terms of the rather bleak outlook of Osiel's piece, which elucidates in painstaking detail nine key reasons why human rights violators actually should not incur any sort of punishment for the unspeakable acts of horror that they commit. Still, Osiel deserves plenty of credit for enlightening his readers to several points that they more than likely were not aware of themselves, such as the fact that the novelty of many of these crimes leaves them out of the scope of Western law and inherent issues with the degree of culpability assigned to various parties engaged in these horror (Osiel 119-120)
The latter scenario is probably rare, but it does exist; the more common scenarios would be the first two. Other reasons for not protecting the rights of the people in their care could be lack of knowledge of those rights, lack of knowledge of the meaning of informed consent, bribery on the part of the researcher, or a personal interest in the research that leads to a lapse in ethics by allowing the research to continue on someone who should not be part of it at this time (Applebaum, 2001)
Both the nurse and the researcher were at fault here, either through ignorance or disregard of the subject's legal and human rights. There was no one acting as an advocate for the research subject's rights, and that role should have been played by the nurse, although the researcher should have been aware of those rights and acted ethically in terminating the interview until the man's legal capacity to give consent could be ascertained (Brown 2011)
His wife should also be asked again if she still agrees to participate, if the reason for the man's reluctance was to protect her. If she is in a legal mental capacity to give consent, she may still participate in the project even if her husband declines to do so, but it has to be her decision, and her decision needs to be confirmed based on her husband's actions (Manson 2007)
If the husband is found to truly not remember giving consent and does not remember the details of the project, he should be removed from participation and the nurse should not allow the researcher to continue questioning him. Again, his wife's consent and legal mental capacity to give it should be re-confirmed at this point before allowing her to proceed with the experiment, as well (Menikoff 2003)
Padilla torture was indeed over the top because he was held for three and a half years as an "enemy opponent." (Padilla, 2004)Padilla was exposed to what were called heightened interrogation techniques, viewed as torture under worldwide law, as well as sleep deprivation, shackling and stress locations, the administration of psychotropic drugs, and solitary imprisonment
" Previous judgments had regulated that this language required the appropriate respondent was the individual with instant keeping of the prisoner and with the authority to create the body of such party before the judge or court. Founded upon the legal language and precedents understanding it, the Court detained that in habeas challenges to physical confinement the proper respondent is the supervisor of the facility where the convict is being held, not some isolated supervisory authorized person (Rumsfeld v
In fact, not all countries who have accepted the declaration have ratified it. The United States itself did not ratify the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights until 1992, and as of 2000, still have not ratified the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Glendon, 2002)
Before accepting the position of chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights, Mrs. Roosevelt had worked primarily in a domestic capacity, traveling the United States and taking stands on causes within the country's borders (Fromkin, 2001)
Within hours of the president's death, angry Hutus took to the streets and sought out those who supported peace between the Hutus and the Tutsis. They did not only kill Tutsis, their rivals; they also killed conservative Hutus who supported peace between the two ethnic groups and 10 Belgian soldiers who were present as part of a UN mission (Power, 2003)