A good pointer is that those who ban therapeutic stem cells cloning assert that there is no requirement to use embryonic stem cells as adult stem cells can be used in their place. (Gralla; Gralla, 2004) However, scientists indicate that there a lot of variations between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells, and the embryonic stem cells are in fact superior to adult ones for research and therapy
Lon-term emphasis on linear genetic logic and discounting of epigenetic approaches gives grave difficulties for the future of biotechnology in the sphere of health and medicine. (Kegley, 1998) People who support therapeutic stem cell cloning do so for good reasons
It is important to note that genetic technology among humans will spawn three important practical applications such as diagnostic technology and screening, gene treatment and genetic enhancement. (Mehlman; Botkin, 1998) Latest developments in Human Cloning: On the theoretical front, human cloning permits the production of test-tube babies whose genetic heritage would be unmatched in the record of human evolution
The outcome would be the birth of customized babies and finally of a new breed of humans who are genetically advanced. (Stannnar, 2000) The Human genome Project -- HGP is an excellent technology having potential of generating a high-density map of seemingly all 100000 genes of the human body
Premature aging and safety issues surrounding cloning are technical barricades that may or not fail as the intelligence of cloning advances. Numerous people have raised moral objections to human cloning that extend beyond questions of well-being (Dudley, 2001 p
Ethics of Human Cloning Two Major Types of Cloning In the 1980 epoch, numerous scientists initiated researching formulas of cloning the high order animals, particularly mammals (Kass 2002, p
Cloning is nevertheless not a foolproof process. Scientists took 277 trials to form Dolly (MacKinnon, 2001, p
One method occurs naturally to some humans when a woman bears triplets or twins. This occurs when the zygote or fertilized egg, when in the initial development stages divides into detached units (McLaren, 2002 p
The principle that forms the foundation for numerous human cloning disagreements is the declaration by the philosopher Kant that human beings ought to receive treatment as ends in themselves and not mere means to an end. The starkest utilization of such reasoning is the issue of human cloning to offer organs for transplantation into the donor devoid of fear of rejection (Messer, 2001 p
The Human Cloning Foundation offers a libertarian view of the cloning controversy, stating that religious and personal freedoms should be protected at all costs. In addition to raising awareness about the various medical breakthroughs that might occur if cloning is permitted, the Human Cloning Foundation also offers some radical reasons to advocate human cloning such as "making our children live longer, helping them to be resistant to cancer, heart disease, any familial diseases, and all the other problems that can be cured using what we learn from human cloning technology," (Smith)
While most of the world expressed distrust with regard to this process, "a few more cautious voices were heard, both suggesting some possible benefits from the use of human cloning in limited circumstances and questioning its too quick prohibition, but they were a clear minority." (Brock) Controversy regarding cloning is strongly powered by the media world, taking into account the numerous disturbing media representations of individuals sustaining genetic engineering or human clones
"Hundreds of genetic tests are now available which can identify individuals who carry one or more gene mutations associated with an increased risk of developing common health conditions." (Greco, Tinley, & Seibert, 2011, p
Still, the right to an open future is hard to validate by common law or analogy to ethical analysis about parenthood. There is a great deal of confusion and misunderstanding surrounding cloning in part because it is tied to the ongoing controversy over abortion (Caplan, 2003)
The term usually refers to artificial human cloning; human clones in the form of identical twins are typical and commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction. "human clone" is a scientific replication of another person (Jones, 1998)
They are also likely to have different personalities. Human somatic cell nuclear transfer, which is commonly referred to as creating an embryo by "cloning," involves the following (McGee, 2001): The starvation and subsequent implantation of DNA from specialized, non-sexual cells of one organism (such as cells that make an organism's hair or milk) into an egg whose DNA nucleus has been removed
Critics of modern cloning science fear its corruption and implementation in conjunction with a resurgence of a modern Eugenics movement. Beneficial Potential Applications: The potential medical benefits of cloning-based technology will likely eliminate virtually all forms of genetic disease and offer unparalleled success in treatments of an incredible array of human illnesses such as Alzheimer's, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes, Parkinson's Disease, Sickle Cell Anemia and Tay-Sachs Disease (Horgan, 1997)
Other concerns include the unethical use of cloning technology in a revival of the philosophy of Eugenics, originally inspired by the work of Charles Darwin toward the end of the 19th Century. In the period between the two world wars, the United States Supreme Court actually upheld a Virginia mandatory sterilization statute and within three years, more than half the states had enacted laws requiring the involuntary sterilization of the mentally retarded, epileptics, criminals and other so-called "undesirables" (Kaku, 1997)
Ethics of Human Cloning Genetic engineering and cloning have played important roles in agriculture for many generations. Bananas and seedless grapes, for example, are, quite literally, living genetic clones (Krock, 2001)
Modern fertility clinics, for example, now routinely employ advances in the science of in vitro fertilization to allow thousands of otherwise infertile couples to enjoy the pleasure of raising their own biological children. Prior to the successful birth of Louise Brown in 1978, opposition to in vitro fertilization (or so-called test tube babies") was as heated as is the modern debate over the ethical issues of human cloning (Ramsey, 1972)
Three years later, scientists working at Advanced Cell Technology in Massachusetts managed to impregnate a cow with an embryo cloned from a single frozen skin cell of a dead Southeast Asian ox called a guar. Noah, the world's first living interspecies clone was born alive, but died two days later from a common bacterial infection that is generally fatal to livestock infants (Soares, 2002)