A recent study examined the incidence of primary care-treatable conditions presenting in emergency departments (EDs) between 1997 and 2009 and discovered that the number of Medicare recipients (N = 42,155) engaging in this activity increased an average of 0.52% per year (Purkurdpol, Wiler, Hsia, & Ginde, 2014)
Accordingly, it seems reasonable to conclude that increasing Medicare beneficiary awareness would reverse this trend (Milio, 1976). Such efforts should probably target older adults, years before they become eligible for Medicare coverage, since nearly 80% of adults under the age of 65 were also unaware of access to free or low-cost preventive care through their consumer-directed health plans (Reed, Graetz, Fung, Newhouse, & Hsu, 2012)
The WMV includes a focused physical examination, rather than a head-to-toe physical, in addition to development of a health plan, advanced care counseling, and recommended screenings (Cuenca, 2012). Simply authorizing preventive care services for new Medicare enrollees, however, did nothing to increase preventive care utilization among older adults (HHS, 2012), so Congress authorized additional revisions to the benefit over the years to encourage its use, including extending the eligibility period to 12 months and eliminating co-pays under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 (Salloum, Jensen, & Biddle, 2003)
The setting for this health promotion project will therefore be the offices and clinics of primary care providers practicing in low-income neighborhoods. Evaluation Plan A formative analysis focuses on the success of an intervention implementation, whereas a summative analysis is more concerned with the outcomes of an intervention following implementation (Stetler et al
int, 2015). A correctly conducted self breast examination test is more likely to identify a lump in the breast and can help diagnose breast cancer in the early stages which can save a life by starting early treatment (Ertem & Kocer, 2009)
Survey and researches have shown that about 10% to 14% of breast cancer has their roots in the family's hereditary reasons ((Horton, 1998)). But research has also shown that more than 80% of the women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a mother, sister or daughter in their family who had suffered from breast cancer (Freilich, 2004)
Contrary to perceptions, researches have shown that long-term use of oral contraceptives may result in increased incidences of premenopausal conditions but not post-menopausal breast cancer. In the same way the problem of obesity would probably increase a women's risk to post-menopausal, but not pre-menopausal breast cancer (Globalization, Women, and Heath in the 21st Century 2007)
Another factor for the incidence of breast cancer is hereditary reasons. Survey and researches have shown that about 10% to 14% of breast cancer has their roots in the family's hereditary reasons ((Horton, 1998))
But research has also shown that more than 80% of the women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a mother, sister or daughter in their family who had suffered from breast cancer (Freilich, 2004). Prevalence Breast cancer is among the highest recurrence incidents with an estimated more than 200,000 new cases diagnosed annually among American women and is considered to be among the most common form of cancer (http://www.cancer.org, 2003)
Mortality Estimates are that every year the number of deaths due to breast cancer is more than 40,000. This is 25% of all the cancer deaths among women where breast cancer has the second largest mortality rates among all cancers in women (Korpraphong et al
The disease had dramatic increase of almost 40% since the 1970s to 2000. The incidents of increase are attributed to the better screening principles of mammography (Mehta, Newmeyer, Loutfy & Faught, 2013)
In this case also the evaluation process would involve the assessment of the various resources, strategies and tactics used to get the message through to the target audience and an assessment of how that information affects the audience. Thus the process would also involve a short feedback from the audience (Nielsen & Turner, 1983)
The evaluation of a program takes a number of precautions and clarifies the position of the program with respect to the various components of the plan. This is because once a program is launched there would generally be very little scope for changes, especially in a program that is concerned about teaching and spreading awareness (Steckler & Linnan, 2002)
There has however been some decrease in the rate of deaths with the rate dropping from 28 per 100000 women in 1990to 23 per 100000 women in the early 2000s. Awareness and Prevention An important screening tool for breast cancer is the breast self-examination test (Who.int, 2015)
For example, it is reported that approximately "90% of employers offer wellness incentives, or financial rewards or prizes to employees who work toward getting healthier." (Wieczner, 2013, p
1) It is stated that the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion and the Division of Adult and Community Health "invited an external panel of experts to participate in the National Expert Panel on Community Health Promotion" in order to identify methods that these problems could be addressed at the local and national levels. (Navarro et al
The less schooling people have, the higher their levels of risky health behaviors such as smoking, being overweight, or having a low level of physical activity." (Freudenberg and Ruglis, 2007, p
The growth of this target population is relatively higher or greater than that of the white population even though one in every five Americans belongs to either of the groups. It is estimated that minority groups will account for nearly 40% of school-age Americans by 2020 (Nickens, 1990, p
The essence of health promotion is about empowering people to take charge of their health and the factors that influence the attainment of desirable health outcomes among them. These strategies span individual, social, organizational and political aspects to enhance participation and adaptation that is ideal for protecting or improving such good health (Kumar & GS Preetha, 2012)
The idea that drives leading practices is hinged on the benefits that emanate from sharing non-proprietary information, apps, ideas and processes in a structured manner. This approach will facilitate faster spread of successful and proven practices and limit the use of guess work in the provision of the service (Organization, 2012)