The Duluth model is a batterer intervention curriculum, which was developed with the assistance "of a small group of activists in the battered women's movement." (Pence and Paymar, 1995, p
One way to achieve remarkable results is to create teams made of the people who have the best skills in that domain. This type of teams is also called "virtuoso teams" (Boynton, Fischer)
Out of the numerous theories that analyze the motivational process, the expectancy theory is one of most complex. "Many researchers have proposed that expectancy theory provides an appropriate theoretical research framework that examines a user's acceptance of and intent to use a system" (Chen, Lou)
And speaking of conflict, one could also bring about the matter of cohesion, which is a fundamental component which regulates group dynamics. Cohesion is defined as the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of instrumental objectives and the satisfaction of members' affective needs"(Forrester, Tashchian, 2006)
" Wages can not always be increased, especially with global competition, work motivation is usually diminished by job simplification and improving employees satisfaction is a worthy goal in itself. Consequently, theories focused on improving motivation and satisfaction were developed " (Steel, Konig, 2006)
This, for the team is both an opportunity and a challenge. On the opportunity side, expertise differences can enhance learning within a team when more expert team members share knowledge and skill with less expert team members - to promote individual learning- or when different areas of expertise are combined to generate novel insights - to promote tea learning " (Van der Vegt, Bunderson, Oosterhof, 2006)
From this position, the team leader communicates to the members of the team what the team goals are, what the team values are and which are the manners in which they can help to fulfil the declared goals. In order to fulfil his or her task in an efficacious manner, the team leader must "think of the group as a collection of individuals, each of them having opinions and issues that he must seek to understand in order to influence them " (Vengel) It is recommended for team leaders to try to empathize with the members of their teams
society. Yet as recent incidents and reports make clear, it's a particularly intractable problem in the military, with its enduring macho culture and unique legal system" (Crary, 2013)
Over time, team members become socially and emotionally connected to one another which improves communication and coordination. However, it can create problems because the team becomes too oriented toward itself" (Levi, 2011)
For instance a study was done which cited how "Small groups within the military establishment are relatively numerous and vitally important. A sense of comradeship exists within such groups and troop morale is frequently facilitated by their existence" (Newby, 1977)
General Group Dynamics Since the Air Force is a branch of the military, the group dynamics are very stagnant and highly predictable. The Standard Model has been the primary method of military group cohesion (Siebold, 2011)
In the depressive position, however, a person learns how to work with a group. In a well-ordered group, Klein further theorized, individuals who have moved into the depressive state learn how to tolerate and value differences between the other members (Klein 1975)
In the depressive position, however, a person learns how to work with a group. In a well-ordered group, Klein further theorized, individuals who have moved into the depressive state learn how to tolerate and value differences between the other members (Klein 1975)
Group Dynamics In today's business world, companies are increasingly realizing the value of group work in order to further their mission and goals. Indeed, there is a rising trend in understanding that individual executive coaching and mentoring can be imperfect solutions to the problems and challenges companies face today (Brenner, 2009)
Interdependency is critical to building group cohesiveness, as is attention to the psychosocial elements of group behavior. Transformational leaders, for example, are able to realign followers' values to create a more cohesive group, allowing for an improvement in group effectiveness (Jung & Sosik, 2002)
Individual Decision-Making Although it was traditionally a buzzword among psychologists and sociologists, the term, "groupthink," has begun to make its way into popular circles. Developed in 1982 after Janis's influential study of American foreign policy decisions made by groups, the term was coined to express "concurrence-seeking tendencies that lead to defective decision making" (Brown, 2000, pg
Furthermore, as explained by LeCroy and Ashford (1992), residential placement and treatment services have come to represent both an expensive as well as a common intervention for children and adolescents with serious behavioral and emotional disorders. While less costly than psychiatric hospitalization on a per diem basis, residential treatment proves to be more expensive because of extended stays (Burns & Friedman, 1990; LeCroy & Ashford, 1992)
Furthermore, as explained by LeCroy and Ashford (1992), residential placement and treatment services have come to represent both an expensive as well as a common intervention for children and adolescents with serious behavioral and emotional disorders. While less costly than psychiatric hospitalization on a per diem basis, residential treatment proves to be more expensive because of extended stays (Burns & Friedman, 1990; LeCroy & Ashford, 1992)
, Gold & Osgood, 1992; Sykes, 1958). The importance of this belief is underscored by research showing that reduced sense of control has a strong relationship to maladjustment within placement (Gold & Osgood, 1992; Martin & Osgood, 1987)
, Polsky, 1965; Schur, 1973) suggested that children and adolescents received treatment that was negligent and/or abusive while in residential placement. Other reports suggested that there were incongruities between treatment prescribed in residential programs and treatment delivered (Jessness, Allison, McCormick, Wedge, & Young, 1975; Kazdin, 1985; Quay, 1977)