It is considered one of the oldest problems facing human societies and governments since the dawn of time. Though it has been defined in many different ways, the most explicit definition of corruption describes it as "a general disease of body politics, public exploitation and abuse of public office for private gain" (Voskanyan, 2000:6)
Analysis of the effects of government-defined supply chain standards in highly regulated industries illustrate the value of these uniform standards in including enterprise quality management and compliance for regulated industries (Li, Su, Chen, 2011). With so many potential benefits to a unified, consistent series of standards for supply chain performance, their measurement can be accomplished using two well-known and heavily used frameworks in supply chain planning and management, the supply-chain operations reference-model (SCOR) (Li, Su, Chen, 2011) and the hierarchy of supply chain metrics first defined by AMR Research (Hofman, 2004)
Supply Chain Integration How Defining Supply Chain Standards Can Improve Integration and Performance Supply chains by their very nature of often disorganized, lack a cohesive data model or taxonomy for sharing information and knowledge and over time can become exceptionally myopic and inward centered. When these conditions exist in conjunction with dominant firms who seek to create their own unique, proprietary supply chain integration standards, the fragmentation or balkanization of an entire industry and its value chain often occurs (Jayaraman, Rardin, Buyurgan, et
Government-defined standards alleviate any confusion as to these roles and most importantly, define a common basis for completing all transactions necessary to manage a supply chain efficiently. The greatest need in supply chains is to have clarity of roles, responsibilities and the analytics and metrics used to manage them over time (Li, Su, Chen, 2011)
2011). Nascent efforts to resolve this issue have been taken on by industry standards organization RosettaNet (Thibodeau, 2002), yet this organization's focus has only been on the high technology industry
Though Ethos is a success story as it turned to be profitable, SC Jhonson's Base of Pyramid initiative wasn't a commercial success but it achieved its goals of community mobility and improving life of its selected audience. Finding and nurturing the right mindset is not the only challenge that companies now face to achieve the goal of becoming ethically responsible, in fact the very factors which contributed in their growth have become a challenge for them, globalization and ethical diversity (Johnson, 2012)
Businesses are considered and designed to be profitable, that's the only way they can sustain in the competitive world, now a complete shift in perception is required. Now companies are not created just for profit but for benefit (Greenblatt, 2008), with a core ideology of giving back to society or preserving something unique and natural
Key to success is adaptation and willingness to change according to situation but not losing sight of core values of doing well and bringing a positive change. Making tough choices and facing tradeoffs is inevitable but through careful strategy formulation, employment, governance and adherence to laws, both local and international, an ethically responsible business can be formed and sustained as well (Small Business - Chron. com, 2014)
This changed the course of economic development. While strong GDP growth has continued, the state has become progressively more involved in the development of the Chinese economy (Huang, 2008)
In addition to firm-specific influences, totalitarian capitalism also relies on strong manipulation of the macroeconomy. China's famous currency manipulation has kept the value of the yuan artificially low, giving Chinese goods a competitive advantage overseas (Krugman, 2010)
There is limited real competition in China. In many industries, the government has created the facade of competition by splitting large state-owned enterprises into smaller enterprises, still under tight state control, that compete with one another only in theory (Williford, 2010)
Not only does this stifle innovation, but it creates the illusion of free enterprise. The Chinese government claims that the majority of that country's economy is in private hands, but those private firms are backed by state-owned governments (Roberts, Prasso & Clifford, 1999)
Constitution. The court ruled, "Proposition 8 served no purpose, and had no effect, other than to lessen the statutes and human dignity of gays and lesbians in California" (Dolan, 2012)
Hence, the will of the people can become law through popular initiatives, but on the other hand, the argument can be made that if citizens object to the constitutional amendments enacted in any given state -- for any political or social issue -- they have the power of the judiciary to address grievances and sue to reverse the decision. But should citizens have the power to make public policy through initiatives and state constitutional amendments? Is direct democracy the answer for citizens that feel their elected officials are out of touch? This paper believes that passing propositions and altering state constitutions is indeed a way to bring the voter "…in closer touch with great affairs" and allow the voter to "display increased political efficacy" (Smith, et al
74). A recent poll published in the New York Times shows "…84% [of Americans] disapprove of Congress" and "89% of Americans say they distrust government to do the right thing" (Zeleny, et al
Such action would also be helpful in correcting the tragedy by enabling officials to lessen the adverse effects on helpless populations like lower-income workers and those who are currently dependent on the benefits of these programs. Secondly, the establishment of a private charity to raise funds from willing financiers in order to assist the poor in receiving the necessary medical care would also help in correcting the tragedy ("We're Broke" par, 4)
Slowly political awareness has changed their social thinking. "Today traditional values are being questioned and challenged not necessarily by conscious or organized design but as a consequence of democracy taking roots" (Dornberg, 35)
Germany knew about freedom for decades before Russia. By the late 1980's Gorbachev's leadership had changed Russians fear of the state (Goldman, 2)
The isolation from the West only intensified their ability for control. The market was closed only to doing business with other Soviet block countries (Simons, 117)
It was not until 1871 that the Second Reich or Imperial Germany was established with immense popularity. It was under this rule "Germany experienced an economic boom immediately after unification" (Solsten, 43-44)