In addition to the oppressed, the oppressors also, in some cases, were traumatized by their own actions. It is argued that the oppressors were only following orders (Diller, 2014) to save their own, and they were also traumatized by the experience
Women are more likely to be conscious of their looks, and use cosmetics to cover up their signs of ageing than men. Looking 'old' is viewed more harshly for women across diverse cultures (Hatch, 2005)
Although it is the wealthiest country in the world, it is also home to millions of people who do not have sufficient food, decent living, access to medical care, good education, and other such necessities. There are more children living in poverty now than there were two to three decades ago; and, the number is rising (Mohan et al
S. Workforce Generation Birth Years Estimated Number Matures 1900-1945 million Baby Boomers 1946-1964 million Generation Xers 1965-1980 million Millennials 1981-? million Source: Based on textual data in Fabre, 2007 Table 2 Conceptualization of Continuum of Workplace Roles Occupied by the Four Generations Healthcare Role Generation Birth Years Generation(s) Executive leadership team Matures 1900-1945 Younger Matures (typically Generation Xers but some older Baby Boomers) Generation Xers 1965-1980 Baby Boomers 1946-1964 Middle management and supervisory positions Baby Boomers 1946-1964 Mostly Generation Xers, younger Baby Boomers and older Millennials Entry-level positions Millennials 1981- Younger Millennials The research to date suggests that each of these four generations has a preferred leadership style and other preferences in the workplace (Bernstein, Alexander & Alexander, 2008)
The Vietnam War ended; the Civil Rights Movement was successful; the dangers of LSD were exposed; and all that remains is the issue of marijuana. Throughout the past several decades there have been on again and off again discussions relative to the legalization of marijuana and, in certain communities it actually has, but, for the most part marijuana remains illegal and the generation that argued so strongly for its legalization when they were younger has essentially adopted a stance of nonchalance (Dennis, 1999)
Ignoring the evidence to the contrary they still argue that marijuana is an addictive, mind altering substance that is the gateway drug to more dangerous drug involvement. The opposing side argues that the drug war is failing, that marijuana use is safe, and that if it were legal the government could regulate its use, control its purity, and raise revenue through taxation (Pacula, 2004)
Strangely, it is the same generation that was once characterized by its use of marijuana that is now being characterized by the fact that it is incarcerating millions for its use. The baby boomer generation, more than any other generation, should be aware of the fact that marijuana use is largely harmless (Room, 2006)
3: Construction of a Hybrid Identity As already established, this study's theoretical approach is deeply rooted in postcolonial theory, because only postcolonial theory can effectively account for the concepts and issues under discussion. As Ashcroft, Griffith, and Tiffin write in their book The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures, postcolonial theory emerged "from the inability of European theory to deal adequately with the complexities and varied cultural provenance of post-colonial writing" like Haji's, because earlier theories simply could not account for the variety of experiences and injustices made evident by the legacy of colonialism (Ashcroft et
In both cases, this new knowledge demolishes whatever identity formation has already occurred, forcing the characters to rebuild their identity and subjectivity from the pieces left over. The reason being that the identity of a second-generation immigrant is by definition dependent on "the ambivalence of modern society, and particular the fact that 'its transitional history, its conceptual indeterminacy, its wavering between vocabularies,' means that one cannot ever form a truly stable identity out of different national and cultural histories" (Bhabha, Nation and Narration 2)
In both cases, this new knowledge demolishes whatever identity formation has already occurred, forcing the characters to rebuild their identity and subjectivity from the pieces left over. The reason being that the identity of a second-generation immigrant is by definition dependent on "the ambivalence of modern society, and particular the fact that 'its transitional history, its conceptual indeterminacy, its wavering between vocabularies,' means that one cannot ever form a truly stable identity out of different national and cultural histories" (Bhabha, Nation and Narration 2)
] These are the all familiar characters from stories I know, stories I have lived my life by. (Haji, The Writing on My Forehead 2-3) The above quote, taken from the first chapter of Nafisa Haji's The Writing on my Forehead, introduces the idea of an individual torn between two legacies, two cultures, and ultimately two futures
] These are the all familiar characters from stories I know, stories I have lived my life by. (Haji, The Writing on My Forehead 2-3) The above quote, taken from the first chapter of Nafisa Haji's The Writing on my Forehead, introduces the idea of an individual torn between two legacies, two cultures, and ultimately two futures
Nonetheless, regardless of all the spiritual contentment in the family and the socialization process Jo increasingly sought for answers regarding the difference between her physical appearance and that of her parents. This is a common issue faced by children of interracial relationships, and for Jo to effectively form a new hybrid identity, she must be able to come to terms with what it means to be the product of two different races, cultures, and countries (Katz 171)
The separation of India into India and Pakistan by the British plays a very obvious role in the case of The Writing on My Forehead, because the experience of Saira's grandfather, grandmother and mother in many ways represents the national partition on the level of personal relationships. The decision to split the country was made by the British and it resulted in the "fracturing or disallowing "of the idea of conciliation and continuity between Pakistan and India, to the point that what may have been a shared identity was forcefully split apart (Loomba 169)
Thus, before analyzing Haji's work in greater detail, it will be useful to make clear that this paper is not arguing that the identity formation, which occurs over the course of her novels, is neither complete nor completely free of colonialist influence. Instead, this study recognizes that cultural colonization is a process that continues even after soldiers have left, because the legacy of colonialism influences subsequent generations to the point that "colonial power [can be] maintained and reproduced through different disciplines, discourses, and texts," even as the individuals responsible are intentionally trying to avoid or else challenge that lingering colonial power (Morton 16)
In turn, Saira's rebellion leads her to discover more and more about her family in an attempt to reconcile their two cultures and multiple generations in a way Saira's mother thought impossible. The examples of both Jo and Saira's families coincides with real-world data on the effects fragmented families can have, because studies into how children's perceptions of their families affect their own behavior and identities has demonstrated that fractured and fragmented families lead to more unstable and complicated identities and relations (Rodriguez et
This is because, solitude or lack of social interaction, is a contributor to health risks. However, prior studies suggest that there is a sound correlation between social support and social networks to the probability to cardiovascular and other causes of mortality for men than women (Berkman et
The two generations agree that family is a source of social support especially when they grow old or in the process of aging. The family serves as a source of protection by enhancing self-esteem, source of encouragement and promoting sound behaviors (Bovbierg et al
This category of people expresses the highest percentage on satisfaction with life, a correct trend for all the seven aspects of life satisfaction. In addition, the survey revealed that satisfaction with relationships concerning spouses, friends, and family scores the highest (Cummins e
People in this age group, or this generation are competitors who commit their lives to work. They do this for the sake of their families, and they did this to an extent of securing dual jobs, which resulted to personal struggles and increased divorce rates (DelCampo et