French Revolution Many people believe that the French Revolution in 1789 was a "class" revolution, that is, the workers rising up against those in power to overthrow them and establish a more equitable government. Perhaps because Communism is so strongly tied to ideas of revolution, social explanations for the events that led to the French Revolution are common (Censer, 2003)
Before the revolution, rural people who attempted to use the legal system were faced with a bureaucratic system designed to increase the wealth of the judges, lawyers and court clerks. Each one of those individuals knew ways to increase the amount of money charged for their services (Crubaugh, 2000)
The bourgeoisie was about to grow as commerce increased and the industrial revolution had a larger and larger influence. Appreciation of the individual was a far stronger trend in the French Revolution than class (Furet, 1989)
However, accounts of the Revolution lack the slogans common to Communism, such as "Workers arise!" While the Revolution might be described in terms of class, since the Royalty were over thrown by everyone else, hostility to the "divine right of kings" (Barker, 1993) is a rather incomplete defense for calling this event any kind of class struggle except for the obvious one that the Royals did not want to give up their power. In fact the non-royal classes of France had an organizational tradition in the Bourgeois Militia (Luckett, 1997)
Also, for many, access to basic goods such as food and clothing ahs increased, rather than decreased, as a result of Castro's influence upon the nation. (Brundenius, 1981) Despite the cultural attractions and encroachments of the capitalist cultures of the West, emulation and competition with these cultures and influences remains a daunting prospect, and would undeniably require great sacrifices upon the part of the Cuban populace
This is where Stalin stepped in. Stalin believed that rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture would transform Russia into a rich and strong socialist state (Chung, 2004)
Stalin's leadership resulted in the massive killing of Russians through the aid of the secret police and slave labor camps known as gulags. One of Lenin's biggest projects was designed to improve Russia;s economy (Keep, 1976)
Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Scientific Revolution is considered as the process by which "new ideas and methods of science challenged modes of thought associated with medieval times and Scholasticism" (Kagan, 1995:514)
Another important individual who had made significant contributions to the Scientific Revolution is Isaac Newton, whose subsistence to empiricism allowed him to establish the laws governing the force of gravity, another discovery that illustrates how empirical thinking leads to the acquisition of new knowledge and intellectual development. The Enlightenment period, which flourished during the 17th century, is defined as the gradual shift of societies from traditional-agricultural to modern-industrial, as well as the rise of natural and social sciences as the domains in which truth and knowledge can be discovered and obtained, respectively (Preston, 1997:31)
Secondly, gin cotton relatively cheaper as compared to the already available cotton for use. Due to the cheaper price of gin cotton, it became very affordable to both the rich and the poor (Harrison, 1986)
However, Britain refused to comply with this order and instead countered this move. They sent a huge group of their military, comprising of English and Indian soldiers who had defected their authorities and joined the British, to battle it out with the nawab military, which were assisted by the French military (Higgins & Pollard, 2006)
Since food was now cheap, low wages could still maintain a given household since expenditure was reduced altogether. This gave India a comparative advantage over its competitors (Jacob, 1946)
Massive importation followed and at the end, cotton was so much that again there was need for the extra cotton to be exported to Africa. West Africa gladly traded with the British in exchange with slaves who could be sold in the Caribbean to work in the cotton plantations (Marks, 2007)
Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences, 1750- Industrial Revolution Institution of Learning Course Code / Title Industrial revolution refers to the rapid and complex changes, both socially and economically, mainly because of introduction of extensive mechanization resulting in a change in production. Mechanization changes the formerly small scale hand-based production to a large scale production system that employs extensive use of machinery (Mokyr, 1985)
The English introduced machinery into the textile industry with the invention of the spinning jenny, the mule, and the water frame. However, the reason and the way this industry was revolutionized by England lies outside the west and in Asia (More, 2000)
They therefore camped in Bengal and Madras, trading with Indians and making massive profits in the process. Things changed toward the end of seventeenth century however and the French and British forces clashed in India (Williams, 1994)
Another interesting study has looked at the etymology of the concept of virtue for both genders independent at the time of the revolution. For females, the concept of virtue generally was used to represent a women's pureness sexually and her loyalty her husband (Bloch, 1987)
One interesting historical fact is that New Jersey was one of the pioneers on the issue of women's suffrage as it did not specify gender as a basis for representation in the state's constitution. While other state's made provisions that specified gender a prerequisite for voting and political participation, in 1776 New Jersey ignored any gender barriers in its suffrage clause in its constitution (Klinghoffer & Elkis, 1992)
Another interesting approach to providing information on women and family life in the colonial era in the late eighteenth-century American family life has been gained by considering the records of the loyalist after the war. Among the 3,225 loyalists who presented claims to the British government after the war were 468 American refugee women and the documents contain many private letters and other evidence that offer verbatim records of different female perspectives (Norton, 1976)
Technically, female "heroes" do exist in the realm of Arthur but they only exist so as to help the (presumably "more important") male heroes. "Arthurian female heroes, contrariwise, exist (at least for a time) as active helpers to male heroes, but always in the service of the patriarchal culture the hero upholds" (Fries, 3)