In 1962, the Clean Air Act was initiated and passed by Democrats, regulating factory and automobile emissions. And, in 1965, the Water Pollution Control Act was passed (Calavita, 1995)
With this shift of the nation to the right, environmentalists were forced "to diversify their political alliances beyond the Democratic Party. (Realizing that) it was no longer a star upon which the environmental movement should hitch its wagon" (Kerr, 1997)
Americans were becoming used to higher standards of living and had access to higher levels of education, changing their values. "Quality of life issues began to surface, especially as people began to question the quality of their air and water" (Paluda, 2003)
This compassion extends beyond the human component of society, however, and into the environment. It is a philosophical difference in the parties, that equates to Democrats simply not trusting unregulated markets to protect the environment and Republicans opposing regulations that restrict private property rights and the free market (Witwer, 2002)
Cost Benefits Risks Limitations Problems Economic analysis: CO2 emissions While there is a growing consensus regarding the need to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, there are also concerns about the potential economic costs of environmentally-friendly policies. In the long run, according to the EPA, the benefits which can be accrued in the long-term regarding "reduced risk to human health and welfare that results from lower emissions of greenhouse gases and less global warming and climate change" vastly outweigh the costs (Evaluating climate policy options, costs and benefits, 2013, EPA)
"Companies don't just burn this money…They buy equipment, pay someone to install it, pay someone to run it. That creates jobs" (Hargreaves 2011)
More fuel-efficient vehicles, the argument goes, are often more expensive and most consumers are reluctant to purchase them as a result. Most recently in 2004, after California created more stringent rules with the aim of lowering emissions by 20%, "the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, which represents most of the major car companies except for Honda and Nissan" challenged this in court (Schneider 2004)
In turn, as developing countries try to solve environmental and development problems through privatization strategies, private firms will play an ever-increasing role, sometimes with mixed results. (Ledgerwood and Broadhurst 51) The need to balance profits against protecting the environment becomes even more difficult to resolve when environmental concerns are brought down to the level of individual species
Clinton hoped that by adopting these provisions, a satisfactory compromise had been reached. (Santos 52) While this American case is almost entirely one of profits vs
It needs to be protected in the very implementation of a country's socio-economic policies and plans', continuing to lay the blame on 'progressive commercialization of global society'. (Shurmer-Smith 162) Here it is the local Indian traditions of vegetarianism, and non-violence that work toward the tiger's preservation as a species