However, critics often argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of the business organization, and that CSR is nothing more than a preemptive tactice to limit the role of governmental regulation as a watchdog over the large multinationals. In other words, the public dialog is one of CSR, the private strategic plan is either pushing the fiscal limit as long as possible, delaying governmental regulation, or masking the true nature and intent of the organization itself (Visser, et
Because of globalization, industrialization is robust in many nations and consumers are becoming more and more aware of their unique and individual decisions having impact to the environment. While there is little consistence over the globe, more and more consumers are demanding that businesses "go green" (Werther and Chandler, 2010)
Could this action be completed anywhere at anytime and still be ethical? Is the person taking the action treating others with respect? Is the person taking the action treating others in ways that they have consented to be treated? Kant's theory is a variation or derivation of the "Golden Rule" which instructs people to "treat others as you would want them to treat you." Some form of this rule is part of all the world's major religions (White, 2009)
Ecology had now gained a more academic level and was seen as a viable science. These included: the interconnectedness of all living systems in a single living planetary system, the biosphere; the importance of natural cycles (of water, nutrients and other chemicals, materials, waste); and the passage of energy through trophic levels of living systems (Worster, 1994)
Role of Civil Society in Environment Protection & Preservation Civil society has been acting as a watchdog for American governance related to environment protection. Michael Bratton describes civil society as social interaction between the household and the state characterized by community cooperation, structures of voluntary association, and networks of public communication (Bratton, 1994)
Second, citizens or NGOs that have constitutional standing to sue play a major role in forcing the government to abide by its own rules and regulations under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA).Finally, under certain environmental statutes, citizens are granted the power to enforce environmental laws directly, acting in effect as private attorneys general by suing third-parties such as individuals and companies who violate the law (Daggett, 2002)