Labor law provides the mechanism for collective bargaining and other forms of employee collective actions, while employment law sets minimal employment standards for all employees." (Stone, 2008, p
" (2008) the 'National Labor Relations Act' (NLRA) "was designed to be sweepingly broad, dictating the kinds of employees who could organize, the types of organizations workers could form, and the subjects over which labor and management had to negotiate." (Sachs, 2008, p
However, the employee may intervene. However, the employee also faces the challenge of having to prove the claim of sex-based employment discrimination, which may be made possible by making comparison with that of a similarly situated employee of the opposite gender (Bennett-Alexander, & Hartman, 2009)
In addition, Title VII outlaws not only discrimination, but also retaliation measures committed to punishing persons who speak against the vice. In fact, individuals who are unfairly treated as a form of punishment for speaking against gender discrimination in the workplace have the opportunity to seek relief under Title VII (Lockton, 2003)
productivity losses due to cyberslacking ranging as high as $178 billion annually. There are also financial losses due to reduced worker productivity, as well as relaxed and more vulnerable network security, strain in the organizational bandwidth, and the possibility that employers are more vulnerable to lawsuits due to employees not doing their work (or doing it improperly) and due to the theme of sites that they may browse (such as sexual) or issues that they may do with these sites (Vitek, J
Ethics acts as a catalyst that makes managers to take actions that are socially responsible. (Davis, 1972), ethics make a very essential component of management as it enables managers come up with appropriate business sense
Ethics acts as a catalyst that makes managers to take actions that are socially responsible. (Davis, 1972), ethics make a very essential component of management as it enables managers come up with appropriate business sense
; (3) the lack of employment policies to accommodate working parents can force individuals to choose between job security and parenting. (Alfred, 1995) The demographic shift was described in strong language in the Senate Report: The effect of these demographic changes has been far reaching
Finally, when families fail, the community is left to grapple with the tragic consequences of emotionally and physically deprived children and adults. (Hayes, 2001) As a result, the FMLA was drafted to fill in the gaps between other existing benefits legislation, such as the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, and the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The provisions also authorize private citizens to seek money damages against employers who "interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of" the citizen's rights under the Act. (Williams, 2003) In a second case regarding the FMLA, Ragsdale, et
Disabilities which might impair efficiency of a worker include loss of vision, metal sickness and retardation, cerebral palsy, alcoholism, and drug addiction. (FLSA Section 14-, the Payment of Special Minimum Wages to Workers with Disabilities for the Work being performed) The Federal Minimum Wage has been fixed at $5
S. Constitution with respect to the federal government and, since 1914, under the Fourteenth Amendment as applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution (Friedman 2005)
Typically, these procedures are preceded by extensive psychological screening as well as long-term hormone treatment prior to any surgical procedures. Whereas previously, transgender identity was considered to represent manifestations of pathological psychological issues, the modern understanding in the medical and psychological community is that its roots are largely biological rather than psychological or psychosocial abnormality (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005)
However, in much the same way that homosexuals have endured ridicule, abuse, and harassment from coworkers, transgender individuals have also been subjected to negative comments by coworkers and to unjustified disparate treatment by supervisors and administrators. Typical examples include workers with superior work records being demoted and fired after disclosing their transgenderism (ACLU 2006), employment offers rescinded after disclosure (ACLU 2006), and patterns of harassment by coworkers tolerated by management (Koch & Bales 2002)
As a result, allegations of employment discrimination are adjudicated differently in all 50 states (Koch & Bales 2002), ranging from full protection in some states to no protection at all in others, or presently, under federal law absent some concurrent legal basis for recovery (Koch & Bales 2008). Various federal agencies have included anti-discrimination policies for the benefit of transgender individuals (Wells 2003), but other than voluntary recognition of this nature, many aggrieved transgender employees and job applicants have no viable legal resource for employment discrimination predicated upon their transgender orientation
However, as surveillance moves into more private areas, where an individual may have a reasonable expectation of privacy, the issue becomes more problematic. Where surveillance is not secretive, but rather is out in the open, the basis of any claimed expectation of privacy quickly evaporates" (Fitting, 1995:1)
2000), which states: "Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. The substantial evidence test protects both the factual findings and the inferences derived from them, and if the findings and inferences are reasonable on the record, they must be affirmed even if this court could justifiably reach a different result de novo" (Keith, Martin & Rogers, 2004)
Given that Paul was using an employer-provided email server, not his own, and corresponding with an employee it could be interpreted that he was essentially 'at work.' At present, regarding employee electronic communication, court's decisions turn "on whether the employer had implemented, advised employees of, and, most importantly, enforced an electronic communications policy that states that employee email is the property of the company and subject to search and monitoring" (Sostowski, 2006)
The challenge is that these adjustments mean they must have a greater understanding of these concepts in order to provide effective advice about how to deal with them. (Cole 2007) For instance, one of the issues impacting firms is the numerous lawsuits they will face from their activities and the effects they are having on everyone
The challenge is that these adjustments mean they must have a greater understanding of these concepts in order to provide effective advice about how to deal with them. (Cole 2007) For instance, one of the issues impacting firms is the numerous lawsuits they will face from their activities and the effects they are having on everyone