Plants and factories produce suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. (Edgmand et al
But the challenge that remains for countries is the scarcity of human capital. The skilled, educated and talented workforce is not easily available in the economies like that of Latin America which can affect the economic development of the country (Kahn & Strauss, 2011)
In other words, the "reforms unleashed the potential of the nation, generated rapid economic growth and provided a basis to transform its relations with great powers" (Mohan, 2006). More recently, the country's economic growth has revealed an increased economic potential, which can only be capitalized upon if India continues to open up its international relations with other countries (Ganguly, 2012)
S. At the specific level of the United States, India placed an increased emphasis on consolidating long-term relationships with the country (Lamba, 2006)
The Indian economy had been secondary in the national interest and this had caused it to become less competitive than other economies in the region, namely China. This realization and the new needs of the Indian economy then reshaped the foreign policy, which became more economy-oriented (Mohan, 2006)
Then, the second benefit is represented by the fact that the liberal theory of international relations is a flexible theoretical framework. This virtually means that it allows the construction of several hypotheses of the impact on foreign policy, such as the role of democracy, nationalism, social inequality, international trade and commerce, international institutions, politics and so on (Moravcsik)
"Past political changes include the 1927 revision of Article 27 of the Constitution for example where it is clearly specified that ejido members should be males or single women or widows supporting a family." (Deere and Leon)
About 4.5 million adolescents in the United States identify themselves smokers (Heiti 2010)
System of incentivizing workers to increase productivity was also introduced. (Chenery) in a comparative framework for assessing performance of China in comparison to other developing countries says that China has achieved the adequate industrial structure and investment structure of a middle-income country
This theory is based on using locally available technology and no foreign investment of resources is required, this is especially beneficial for those countries, which have restricted foreign relations or access. Later on (Murphy, Shleifer, and Vishny 1003-1026) further investigated this concept
A comparison of some key statistics of China and Vietnam over a period of fifteen years has been made (see table 1). (Rosenstein-Rodan 202-211) commends industrialization by introducing the concept of "Big Push," that is; if various sectors of economy adopt increasing returns to technology they create income that leads to creation of demand of goods in other sectors of the economy
As the country focused on its industrial growth urban areas as compared to rural areas are more developed. In a research (Zhang) says that more and more land is being utilized for the growth of industries and the share of land used for agriculture has shrunk
However, the European Union's LEADER rural development program (Senter, 2008)likewise proposes that this can be attained by improving skills; encouraging new forms of endogenous initiatives and organization; inspiring new methods of linkages among groups and public agencies; and, by allowing persons and governments to be more supple and adjustable to changing situations. The core of endogenous development initiative in LEADER is looked at as the production of social capital (for instance trust, networks and norms ) in numerous procedures that can profit from the whole rural region and its groups in terms of enhancement in financial, human, political, institutional and environmental environments of rural life on a maintainable basis through the utilization and rational operation of local natural, human, and institutional resources (Andolina, 2012)
.Regional or rural development plans cannot prosper without the direct participation of the interests concerned (Blignaut, 2011)
A lot of the situations that they are going through have a lot to do with depopulation resulting for the most part from low growth in job opportunities, out-migration, an aging population, underemployment rate, high unemployment and low family income, lack of socio-economic infrastructure ( shopping centers, health centers, schools, power and electric supply water supply,). Research show that the rural economy in both developed and developing nations countries has also gone through a big decline because of the lack of economic development iniatives (Gough, 2008) The worsening of the rural economic situation that has been taking place all over the world has called into question the traditional local economic development theories and policies founded on export base models; growth poles; polarization and trickle-down strategies for the reason that big companies are now extremely conservative in their investment decisions and public funds are reduced because of budgetary constraints (Cole, 2009)
This has unavoidably led to more decentralized locally-based approaches to rural financial development and diversification procedures (Kobeissi, 2009). Research shows that the endogenous development initiative is equal to: local employment initiatives, local self-help and self-reliance initiatives, locally-based development initiatives, third sector, local/community financial development initiatives, and indigenous development initiatives (Gordon, 2009)
In the face of what looks like low growth rate and an unnecessary dependence on natural and primary resource industries, the governments of a lot of numerous growing and developing nations are presently assuming financial diversification guidelines and programs so as to revive and maintain their rural economies. Development officers, policy-makers, and rural and regional community leaders have this belief that rural communities currently need new types of business and productions to expand the local economy and place more importance on locally-oriented economic development activities for instance small manufacturing businesses, value-added production, agri-tourism businesses and agri-food industries (Goss, 2008)
A lot of the situations that they are going through have a lot to do with depopulation resulting for the most part from low growth in job opportunities, out-migration, an aging population, underemployment rate, high unemployment and low family income, lack of socio-economic infrastructure ( shopping centers, health centers, schools, power and electric supply water supply,). Research show that the rural economy in both developed and developing nations countries has also gone through a big decline because of the lack of economic development iniatives (Gough, 2008) The worsening of the rural economic situation that has been taking place all over the world has called into question the traditional local economic development theories and policies founded on export base models; growth poles; polarization and trickle-down strategies for the reason that big companies are now extremely conservative in their investment decisions and public funds are reduced because of budgetary constraints (Cole, 2009)
" They also make the point that "it is concerned historically with the change of, societies, and cultures, communities from a less advanced to a more progressive social stage." The research also shows that development can also be looked at as the purposeful change towards a type of economic and social system that a nation decides it wants (Hsieh, 2011)
The stress is now determinedly on locally-based endogenous development creativities -- creating or conserving jobs that construct on the basis of an area's own possessions (Sheikh, 2010). This has unavoidably led to more decentralized locally-based approaches to rural financial development and diversification procedures (Kobeissi, 2009)