Gall bladders can suffer several disorders, such as gallstones, gall bladder sludge, infection and inflammation, and even cancer. Some symptoms of gall bladder disorders include nausea or vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen or between the shoulders, abdominal bloating, continued intolerance of fatty foods, and gas and/or indigestion (Comforth)
They believe, "This psychological trait of the Gall Bladder influences the Heart, as the Mind (housed in the Heart) needs the support of a strong drive and courage given by a strong Gall Bladder. In this way, a deficient Gall Bladder can affect the Mind (of the Heart) causing emotional weakness, timidity and lack of assertion" (Maciocia 27)
Radishes are also quite helpful in removing stones, so the patient should eat 1-2 radishes a day between meals and drink 3 cups of cleavers tea or 5 cups of chamomile tea a day throughout the 21-day cleansing period. In addition, the patient should pour five teaspoons of cold-pressed flaxseed oil over their food during one meal to help aid the process (Vickery)
The disorder persists without treatment. (Green, 1999; "Neurotic Disorders: definition,": Medical Glossary
, Anxiety disorders, Phobias, Obsessive compulsive disorders, Hypochondriasis, Hysterical neurosis, and Neurasthenia. (Shah, 2001) Due to reasons of space, description, symptoms and treatment of the first 4 neurotic disorders only listed above shall be discussed in this paper
These symptoms would make the person unable to perform their daily activities, attend school, or work, socialize with friends, and taking care of their vital tasks. People suffering from PTSD are prone to depression, anxiety disorders, or substance abuse (Andreasen, 2011)
The symptoms are grouped into three categories namely re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. Re-experiencing symptoms involves flashbacks to the traumatizing event repeatedly (Roberts, 2003)
Based on research conducted by other scientists, one can see that there is need for further research in order to determine the effects of the various risks and resilience factors. Introduction Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder a person will develop after been exposed to a traumatizing, horrific, or life-threatening situation (Stanley C. Krippner & Pitchford, 2012)
2. Comparison and Contrast between DSM4 TR and DSM 5 The Task Force that produced DSM-5 was guided by two principles (Ganguli et al
). The DSM-IV-TR also limited mental disorders to those within the individual (Heyman et al
). Essential Psychopathology Delirium is a cognitive disorder characterized mainly by a decreased awareness of one's environment or a clouding of consciousness (Maxmen & Ward, 1995)
The work of Abbilello and Rosenfeld (2013), reports on cognitive impairment in community and home settings. The research states that delirium which is a "temporary state of cognitive impairment and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both the palliative care and geriatric population" (Abbilello and Rosenfeld, 2013, p
Carreiras, Baquero, and Rodriguez (2008) investigated syllable congruency frequency effect and syllable congruency effect in Alzheimer patients, young adults, and elderly persons presented similar results to Fairfield and Mammarella (2009). The results of the study indicate that syllable congruency effects existed, but were different in the three test groups (Carreiras, Baquero, & Rodriguez, 2008)
The study identifies that the results can present challenges in diagnosis since they can also indicate other memory affects like depression. Studies indicate that depression is associated with many late life developments and disorders (Dierckx et al
However, despite this commonality, Alzheimer in elderly persons is indicated by the presence and testing of Alzheimer's accelerator gene, proposed by Roses Allen. The disorder is also indicated by tests like the source-monitoring deficit theory to evaluate contextual detail with associated cognitive operations, and conceptual type of information like general knowledge (Fairfield and Mammarella, 2009)
" These symptoms all progressed to incontinence, being bedridden and nonverbal. Following the patient's death an autopsy showed " Atrophy, tangled bundles of neurofibrils and accumulations of an unknown substance in a miliary pattern" (Fraller, 2013, p
The review of literature indicates that eating disorders in the elderly especially those above the age of 60, mostly have bulimia. Elderly persons with eating disorders are more likely to abuse laxatives that purge as the young people do (Pruis and Janowsky, 2010)
Though rare, temporal dementia can be caused by substance abuse, urinary tract infection, or vitamin deficiency. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, present in 70% cases of dementia (Sullivan & Sullivan, 2010)
For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers. How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and Gastritis? GERD: Most patients with GERD suffer from symptoms of other conditions such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) which produces pain, abdominal distress, and the need for frequent bowel movements (Gasiorowska 2009,-page 1829)
According to Kahrilas (2003), "Once reflux has occurred, impaired acid clearance prolongs exposure of the mucosa to the damaging effects of the refluxate" (page S7). Acid is secreted into body parts which are not prepared for it and has not been designed to defend itself against the damage this acid can cause (Kahrilas 2003,-page S5)