The prevalence of depression in society therefore depends on contributions from both environmental and genetic factors. This would explain why individual responses to antidepressant medications vary widely, which in turn suggests that the brains of persons suffering from major depression have incurred equally diverse changes (Keers & Uher, 2012)
Depression is also a major risk factor for suicide. A large number of research studies have uncovered several risk factors for depression, including female gender, chronic stress, chronic pain, family history of depression, under-employed, unemployed, chronic illness, poor self-esteem, living alone, poor social support, and brain injury (Maurer, 2012)
Furthermore, depression tends to last longer in elderly adults and increases their risk of death. Studies of nursing home patients with physical illnesses have shown that the presence of depression substantially increased the likelihood of death from those illnesses (Lee, 2001)
Late-life depression affects about 6.5 million Americans age 65 and older, but only 8% to 10% receive treatment (Reynolds & Kupner, 1999)
¶ … perplexing sex difference in depression with far more females than males showing vulnerability to depression. The study (Dreer et al
The relationship between business, government, and society was intensified by the creation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903 and the passage of the Hepburn Act in 1906. Department of Labor and Commerce was later divided into Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor to resolve the labor capital conflicts (Grossman, 1973)
There was eminent war between capital and labor. Progressive era was realized in the very last years of the 19th century up to 1917 (Sage, 2010)
S. non-aristocratic empire founded on state power but orientation towards commercial gain for friends and associates (Stromberg, 1998)
Children's Inventory Children's Depression Inventory The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) is a psychological measure designed as a symptom-oriented instrument that assess children's level of depression between the ages of seven and 17 years of age, and was established to evaluate symptomology associated with dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder (Finch, 1987)
The basic form of the Child Depression Inventory consists of a 27 item evaluative tool; however, there is a 10 item CDI that many practitioners use as a measure to screen clients for depression early in the assessment process. The Child Depression Inventory was originally published by Maria Kovacs in 1992 as many practitioners found it difficult to assess and diagnose depression in young children; as historically, depression was seen as a disorder usually exemplified by adults (Liss, Phares, & Liljequist, 1992)
Moreover, the exclusion criteria wrongly assume that no person can become seriously depressed while grieving. These proponents of removing the exclusion continue to state that a clinician should be able to make a judgment call regarding a patient's presentation and whether or not the person is merely grieving "normally" or whether their presentation may warrant treatment (Corruble et al
Thus, the major consideration in previous versions of the DSM was that bereavement closely resembled the features of a major depressive disorder and that a specific time period (two months) was needed for this process to run its normal course before clinician could diagnosis psychiatric disorder in these individuals. One of the major issues with this particular exclusion criteria was that the two-month time period was believed by many to be too short, the process of bereavement often is variable in length depending on many different demographic characteristics of individuals, and that there were some concerns that people grieving the loss of a loved one would not receive interventions that could lessen their discomfort (Horwitz & Wakefield, 2007)
(p. 31) Why and how people become depressed or have anxiety Researchers, for the most part, agree that heredity influences susceptibility to depression (Fendukian and Wilson, 2008; Surgeon General, 1998)
One interpretation of this finding is that the depressed spouse's continual reassurance-seeking -- in combination with the seeking of negative self-image confirmation -- results in rejection of the reassurance, which is confusing and frustrating to the care giving partner. Several researchers (Heene, 2007; Keitner, 2005; Kung, 2000; Mead, 2002) have observed that marital distress and depression appear to have a bidirectional effect on each other
Both depression and anxiety are more common among women than men. For both disorders, the average female-to-male ratio is about 2:1 (Kung, 2000; NIMH, 2009)
Somatic anxiety symptoms are common, as are sporadic panic attacks (Surgeon General, 1998). The following describes in verse a college student's anxiety episode (Schutz, 2006)
In New York, the production of Black led musicals, publishing of books and poetry, and the Jazz Clubs led many Whites to become more liberally accepting. However, the Depression likely emphasized the class distinctions between the White and Blacks, with whom there were several distinct tiers, ranging from highly racist to rabidly liberal (Briggs) Conclusions -- The Great Depression changed America in many ways; socially, culturally, economically
This is the time of the development of the Blues as an artform, helping create social interaction between Whites and Blacks. Still, this was New York, and although some of the segregation philosophy spread to other major urban areas, most of the country, particularly the South, remained staunchly racist (Feagin)
There was little support for an Equal Rights Amendment, largely due to the belief that there were other problems to solve first, but the mindset of women was well set for what would be their need in the workforce during World War II. However, while large numbers of women worked during the Depression, scholars often see their status slightly decreasing because the American Federation of Labor, for one, did not allow women to join unions and pushed employeers to hire men (Moran) Minorities -- Most of America's minorities did not benefit from Roosevelt's New Deal Programs
If not from lack of work it was lack of customers, lack of means and education, and lack of hope. Women tended to lose their jobs faster than men or were paid far less than men; children suffered with poverty and lack of opportunity; race relations shifted and there was a considerable influx of poor African-Americans into the major urban centers of the north (Rothbard)