operating under a presidential system and Britain operating under a parliamentary system. With that said, in terms of democracy, the United States of America is regarded as a consensus democracy while on the other hand; Britain is taken to be a majoritarian democracy (Way, n
Presently, there are still discussions regarding which form of government is the most viable. "Democratic governments exist in fewer than half the countries of the world, which contained less than half of the world's populations," (Dahl, 1)
There are few other forms of government or organizational structure that allow such access to these values. "In a democracy, people have the right to choose their leaders in regular, free, and fair elections," (Diamond 21)
In order to establish consensus, democracy proves to be a viable form of government as the majority rule. "Democratic institutions, however, may be necessary…to produce a political consensus as well as an adequate policy performance at all times and under varying (social and economic) conditions," (Keman, 6)
This was seen historically when the stock market crashed in 1929. Nash states, "The search was to dominate Americans throughout the course of the twentieth century as they sought to achieve the elusive goal of economic and social stability" (Nash 1992, 10-11)
Of all the important figures associated with the Enlightenment, one stands out like a beacon of democracy that illuminated the minds and hearts of all concerned, namely Baron Charles-Louis de Montesquieu (1689-1755), the French political philosopher and writer best known for his advocacy of the separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers. As far as the foundational aspects of the Constitution is concerned, Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws, first published in 1748, "greatly assisted in establishing the doctrines of modern political science and was read by many leaders of the American Revolution, including Thomas Jefferson and John Adams" (Leone 32)
This paper documents many instances of one party in particular -- the Republican Party -- successfully enacting policies and strategies designed to deliberately suppress votes that might go against Republican candidates. Dahl's Ideal Democracy In a 1995 essay ("Justifying Democracy") Dahl asserted that "No democratic country -- and certainly no nondemocratic country -- has created a set of social, economic, and political arrangements that achieve a satisfactory standard of liberty, justice, democracy, security and decency" (Dahl, 1995, 47)
This paper documents many instances of one party in particular -- the Republican Party -- successfully enacting policies and strategies designed to deliberately suppress votes that might go against Republican candidates. Dahl's Ideal Democracy In a 1995 essay ("Justifying Democracy") Dahl asserted that "No democratic country -- and certainly no nondemocratic country -- has created a set of social, economic, and political arrangements that achieve a satisfactory standard of liberty, justice, democracy, security and decency" (Dahl, 1995, 47)
One of the justifications that Republicans have used as a basis to push for voter IDs is their contention that "voter fraud" is widespread, and hence, IDs should be mandatory. In fact, "…no credible evidence suggests a voter fraud epidemic" (Hudson, 2012)
1). The Push for Voter IDs "…campaigns have used targeted voter suppression campaigns to exploit feelings of distrust in historically disadvantages communities…" (Stringer, 2008, p
Among the tactics that go against democracy and against what Dahl advocated are those employed in Florida during the presidential election of 2012. To wit, a new study shows that "…tens of thousands of people were actually discouraged from voting" due to the long lines at polling places (Terkel, 2012)
And on November 7, 2000, Election Day, voting machines "…failed to count the ballots of 2,085 of its citizens" in that county, which is germane because George W. Bush won Florida by less than 600 ballots (Walton, p
News & World Report Teresa Welsh explains that in Florida, a key swing state, some "…thousands of voters…received automated calls telling them their polling sites would be open until 7 p.m." The week prior to the 2012 election (Welsh, 2012)
Paracha, 2013). This was evidenced in 1980s when the Jamaat-I Islamic, Maududi's party joined Benazir Bhutto in fighting dictatorship; another case is the recent one when members of the Jamaat joined Imran Khan's Movement for Justice (PTI), (Daniel Jacobius Morgan, 2013)
This was evidenced in 1980s when the Jamaat-I Islamic, Maududi's party joined Benazir Bhutto in fighting dictatorship; another case is the recent one when members of the Jamaat joined Imran Khan's Movement for Justice (PTI), (Daniel Jacobius Morgan, 2013). Therefore political parties who advocates for democracy should be given much support by the Muslim and Western democrats in their quest to fight for this democracy in Pakistan explanation the reasons as to why our study will include political parties, (David Bukay, 2007)
Muslims have been denied there democratic rights by their leaders claiming to follow Islamic religion thereby creating public interest of ways in which Muslims democracy in Pakistan can be upheld. Justification of the research It has been widely portrayed that Pakistani Islamist parties have since enjoyed widespread support only after joining pro-democracy movements, (Nadeem F. Paracha, 2013)
Constitution will form the basis our study. (Paul D. Kennedy, December, 2007)
Literature Review This study will draw from diverse areas where Islamic and democracy has existed side by side in Pakistan. Contrary to most of the Middle East nations, whose citizens are overwhelmingly Muslim and deny women their rights in the political arena as men, Pakistan have allowed women to stand for election and vote through the constitution, (Saad Hafiz, 2013)
In Pakistan Muslims are more profoundly divided in terms of linguistic, sectarian, as well as ethnic affiliations. This has ever worked for the advantage of democracy because it has ever denied the Islamist parties which contest every election in the history not to win a significant proportion of the votes that may have given them opportunity to widely use "sharia law," (Mohammad Tariq Bucha, 2012)
In addition, there are still no reforms made to the presidential system, left after overthrowing the Mubarak era. In order to achieve democracy, there is a need for constitutional redesign (Ackerman)