54). Moreover, although mtDNA is inherited only through the mother's lineage, some defense attorneys have used the highly technical nature of DNA screening techniques to introduce doubts as to its legitimacy in the minds of jurors in criminal cases (Danns, Hans & Kaye, 2007)
The types of collection and handling procedures required depend on the type of DNA sample that is involved, each of which requires specialized care. For instance, these procedures differ for blood and bloodstains as well as for hair, semen and clothing (Gahn, 2005)
54). Unfortunately, the database used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation remains insufficiently robust to provide the overwhelming confirmation needed to assure absolute matches between DNA evidence and criminal defendants (Kaestle et al
In the authors' opinion, the parts of the scientific method applicable at any given moment depend on two variables. These two variables are: "the type of crime being investigated and the type of information available" (Becker and Dutelle, 2012)
This could include but is not limited to blood, bullets, narcotics, any kind of impression left behind (such as shoe and finger impressions) etc. (Osterburg and Ward, 2010)
" The relevance of these two basic methods of inquiry cannot hence be overstated when it comes to criminal investigation. An interview in the author's own words can be defined as "a purposeful and planned conversation between an interviewer and interviewee to collect data pertaining to an investigation or to substantiate physical evidence" (Palmiotto, 2004)
This is primarily because the relatives and friends would be very upset with the death of the victim and are likely to be informants or witnesses for the case. Since the investigator cannot ignore their emotions, part of their work could involve building relationships with the relatives and friends of the victim (Lyon, n
For rape cases, ethical problems can be reduced by not distrusting the victim's information and treating the victim's testimonial evidence as the initial step for ongoing investigation until the actual perpetrator is convicted. This is particularly because of the increased concern regarding some of the strategies and tactics that are used by investigators in rape cases (Temkin, 2000, p
Consequently, the law enforcement personnel may only carry out a search if personalized suspicion motivates the search. This legislation was enacted in attempts to strike a balance between the interests of the society in criminal investigation and the civil right to privacy against government intrusion (Farb, 2002, p
The significance of the exclusionary and the fruit of poisonous tree doctrine is that they both provide a deterrence approach regarding criminal investigations and the admissibility of evidence obtained from the investigations. Based on constitutional and federal violations, these legal concepts are based on deterrence as the rationale and exclusion as the remedy (Pitler, 1968, p
The ultimate goal of any interrogation is to garner a confession; a confession can save an enormous amount of time and money for everyone involved. Therefore, the term "interrogation" has come to have negative connotations as a result of the sometimes harsh methods used to elicit confessions (Boetig & Bellmer, 2008)
e., does he have a "tic" when he lies?); making sure "hunches" align with facts; protecting vulnerable individuals (young, mentally handicapped) from making a coerced confession under pressure; performing background research and preparing in advance; asking open-ended rather than "leading" questions; and using psychological "tricks" to make the suspect feel more open to a confession ("rationalization, projection, and minimization") (Napier & Adams, 2010)
Criminal Investigations History of criminal investigations The first "detective force" dates back to 1750, when a small group of community members called the "Take Thieves" banded together and rushed to crime scenes to investigate (Swanson, 2003)
, does he have a "tic" when he lies?); making sure "hunches" align with facts; protecting vulnerable individuals (young, mentally handicapped) from making a coerced confession under pressure; performing background research and preparing in advance; asking open-ended rather than "leading" questions; and using psychological "tricks" to make the suspect feel more open to a confession ("rationalization, projection, and minimization") (Napier & Adams, 2010). The cognitive interview and eyewitness credibility The cognitive interview (CI) was developed by psychologists in the early 1980s, and has sparked interest and research ever since (Wells, Memon, & Penrod, 2006)
87) The Fourth Amendment states specifically as follows: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no Warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and persons or things to be seized." (Wecht and Rago, 2006, p
PATRIOT ACT was adopted without any serious contest and effective challenge." (Wong, 2006, p
At best, it just has to psychologists, as so many professionals as mere technical consultants. The right often thought to be self-sufficient, no need to create common or related fields or, regulates social relations without having to study or to individuals or to society (Anderson, Dyson & Brooks, 2002)
Ability to attract them to produce their particular expertise solved the person making the inquiry, the investigator, prosecutor or the court, taking into account education, specialization, a psychologist, his work experience, additional training in forensic psychology, the experience of expert activity, the availability of academic degree, etc. (Chancer & Donovan, 1994)
"The psychologist is therefore an employee" handyman "who knows everything, very cooperative, but unscientific and therefore, with very little chance of being considered a serious professional and capable. The need to be active in psicolegal stage we do what we ask (Hollin, 1989, p
Criminodinamica reconstruction would be a retrospective analysis and decoding of signs through physical elements found at the scene, so, the legal psychologist's presence in the scene is validated from the psychological scars that are both murderer and victim. Our intention is aimed at uncovering a possible role of the legal psychologist actively support the criminal investigation through the search and collection of psychological evidence in homicide cases (McGuire, 2004, p