In the peer-reviewed journal Criminology, professor John Laub writes that "…facts must come first" when reviewing various approaches to criminology. The point of Laub's essay -- which basically takes Edwin Sutherland to task for Sutherland's analysis of criminology and crime research -- is that Sutherland "…rejected key facts about crime that were contrary to his sociological paradigm" (Laub, 2006, p
The example in this case involves a whistleblower -- a person who sees wrongdoing within his or her company and feels compelled to report those violations of law to authorities outside the organization of which he is part -- who worked for a restaurant company called Buca. The company's assistant comptroller resigned in 2001, according to an article in the peer-reviewed journal Strategic Finance, because he was offended at being part of a company that filed "false expense reports," that conducted improper transactions and manipulated earnings reports (Mihajlov, et al
What branch of the social sciences does criminology encompass? Psychology? The natural sciences? Sociology? History? This question influences the assumptions, patterns, and standards of evidence to which research is held. It has been said that the "paradigm for criminology should not be tied to any particular discipline" because of its multidisciplinary nature (Laub 2006: 240)
Conclusion Every criminal, from the very beginning, has some kind of personality characteristics that can be identified. It is important for the forensic specialists to carry out psychological and psychiatric evaluation to make sure that there are no other factors involved behind the actions of these people (Anastasi, 1998)
The theoretical approach that is applicable in this case is that if young children are molested early in their childhood, then chances are high that they would indulge in some kind of inappropriate behavior in the future because they are so frustrated and they feel the need to take out this frustration. Moreover, another theory that is also applicable in this case is that when children are born to unwed, divorced or separated parents, they have a tendency to indulge in offensive behavior when they grow (Marshall et
Therefore, for some sex offenders to indulge in criminal behaviors pertaining to sexual contact, the aforementioned types of arousal, preferences, urges and interests are the main driving force behind their criminal acts. Moreover, another conclusion that the researchers have made is that the deviant arousal, preferences and interests have a connection with re-offence as well (Rea, 2003)
They also help the society to deal with problems in crime and also prevent future emergence of criminals. Crime is increasing in the society and hence an understanding of the cause of criminal activities will help to prevent its further increase (Alston, 2005)
One of the prevailing and most widely accepted psychological theory of crime is rational choice theory. Rational choice theory " is perhaps the most common reason why criminals do the things they do," accounting for a wide variety of criminal behaviors (Dechant, 2009)
perceived risks of disobeying the policy. Rational choice theory also implies that the actor believes the ends justify the means (Gul, 2009)
For instance, adoption studies indicate a strong heritability for antisocial behavior and sociopathy (Raine, 2002). However, learning theories can be very useful in the rehabilitation of many individuals (Andrews & Hoge, 1999)
also play a role. For instance, adoption studies indicate a strong heritability for antisocial behavior and sociopathy (Raine, 2002)
¶ … Theories Skinner's radical behaviorism has been used to provide explanations for a number of behavioral phenomenon including criminal behavior (Skinner, 1966)
While many factors are argued to be the main reasons for such criminal behavior, none can be proved with surety as behavior depends upon the way the brain and the psychology of a person works. Only the understanding of the human mind can assist psychologists greatly to investigate the structure of the mind and the way it operates (Barkow, Cosmides, & Tooby, 1992)
Due to various biological factors in the human body such as increase in blood flow, rise in testosterone levels, etc. They explain that the brain adapts these physical signals into determining the behavior the person has to present by converting these signals into phenomena such as emotions, attitudes, core concepts of self value and motives (Bartol & Bartol, 2007)
The behavior is discussed as a part of the evolutionary psychology of a person as suggested by the Darwinian selection. This selection theory says that the selection created the existing biological adaptations in living species to act as a solution for the problems that have recurred among the many generations of a species' ancestors (Dawkins, 1986)
A person is more likely to be hit or killed in his or her home by another family member than anywhere else or by anyone else." (Gelles & Straus, 1985, p
e. To perform actions that uphold the perseverance and growth of the genetic elements such as reproduction and survival of the acting person (Raine, 2002)
Without intervention, these behaviors carry over to adulthood that can create criminal behaviors in adulthood as well as other emotional and social problems. Evidence shows that traits and characteristics remain relatively stable over time and signs of serious criminology emerge early, are multifaceted, and show remarkable resistance to change (Beaver, 2009)
Without intervention, these behaviors carry over to adulthood that can create criminal behaviors in adulthood as well as other emotional and social problems. Evidence shows that traits and characteristics remain relatively stable over time and signs of serious criminology emerge early, are multifaceted, and show remarkable resistance to change (Beaver, 2009)
If the environment is abusive, this will cause the person to be abusive as well because of the genes and the environmental combination. Still, other research evidence shows a wide range of behavior problems, personality disorders, and mood disorders are influenced by genes and deficiencies in IQ and its corollaries are risk factors in the etiology of delinquency (Wright, 2008)