For generations, nations did not try much to change moral issues in other states. According to the research, "realist scholars argued that it was inappropriate for states to consider moral issues in foreign policy" (Allendoefer 2010 p 7)
S. Defense Department and State Department programs that provide assistance to security forces in other countries, imposes a mandatory vetting and validation requirement" which is partly based on a nation's potential for violating international human rights laws (Chishti 2011)
Rating system which places countries in specific tiers based on their efforts to curb human trafficking. Ratings are downgraded when nations are "not complying with minimum standards required to address the trafficking of people" (Hunt 2012)
In fact, Nielsen (2012) illustrates how many private donors refuse to give aid to some violators, but give much more to others, representing how aid is not restricted equally. According to the research, "foreign aid donors impose aid sanctions for human rights violations," yet "they do so selectively" (Neilson 2012 p 2)
In fact, it has been a strategy that has been used, yet this use has often proved to be unregulated and uneven, costing crucial effectiveness. The United States spends over $2 billion annually on economic support funds (Lum 2008)
The authors also make an excellent point that the main catalysts or fuel of e-commerce growth in many nations is market research and mass customization (Molla, Heeks, 2007). There are myriad of examples of how e-commerce combined with mass customization has led to explosive, profitable growth on the part of companies with Dell not only reaching over $1B in revenues from online sales but also achieving double-digit inventory turns and extensive operational efficiencies at the same time (Luo, John, Du, 2005)
eCommerce in Developing Countries What are the most important ideas in the two articles? Both articles and their extensive empirical and theoretical research have a wealth of insights and intelligence that brings e-commerce into a more realistic and pragmatic perspective. Starting with Exploring E-commerce benefits for businesses in a developing country (Molla
Instead, the authors state that the greatest gains are being made in the area of intra- and interorganizational communication and collaboration, clustered primarily in services industry as evidenced by their cited research (Molla, Heeks, 2007). This is certainly the case in Brazil where the continued growth of e-commerce has succeed while other nations have failed mainly due to the exceptional stability of the nations' banking system, strong laws and regulations to protect e-commerce and online commerce, and an infrastructure that makes automating supply chains more achievable than many other regions and nations of the world (Paulo, Dedrick, 2004)
Small businesses in commodity driven industries will also do this to specifically drive down the cost per transaction and pool purchasing power to gain an advantage in negotiating with suppliers (Salcedo, Henry, Rubio, 2003). All of these actual benefits are completely different than the much-hyped and promoted benefits of e-commerce being frictionless commerce throughout a supply chain, greater revenue growth at lower transaction costs, and ease and speed of generating customer loyalty, all contributing to skyrocketing profitability of an enterprise (Romano, 2009)
The digital revolution: The world at the click of a button. International Trade Forum, (3), 22-25. (Rosener, McAveney, 2006) Rosener, J
Small businesses enter e-commerce thinking the big pay-off will be increased top-line revenue growth and greater transaction efficiencies (Molla, Heeks, 2007). Small businesses in commodity driven industries will also do this to specifically drive down the cost per transaction and pool purchasing power to gain an advantage in negotiating with suppliers (Salcedo, Henry, Rubio, 2003)
, This consistent with the more pragmatic and practical studies of e-commerce adoption in emerging nations that show e-commerce system development and implementation will teach a business more about itself than it had never considered prior to the implementation (Alemayehu, Heeks, 2007). The process of creating an e-commerce strategy including the process and system integration, coordination of product and services catalogues, redefining and clarification of pricing, and the ability to define expediting processes for service and service recovery of negative customer events all force a business to grow faster than it had anticipated (Standing, Benson, 2000)
2). List African countries that were democracies but are now dictatorships At the time that many African countries became independent from the European colonial control, "…every African nation had a democratic system in place," and many elected leaders of those countries "turned their country into one party states through constitutional amendments, became autocratic" and used police force to keep resistance at bay (Dibie, 2001)
That transition went exactly the way Ghana's constitution provides that it should. The election to replace Mills was carried out smoothly in December, 2012, and those elections were "competitive, fair, and peaceful" (Mbaku, 2013)
Nwauwa (Kent State University) points out that Western democracies (America and Western Europe) have viewed democracy as though it is exclusively a product of their societies. Also, the bias in the West toward Africa has led to the belief that Africans are "incapable of democratic thoughts" and that democratic values and practices are "alien to the African continent" (Nwauwa, p
It was comprised of an "integrated system composed of power plants, irrigation, flood control, water supply etc., which have been constructed since the 1960s" (Shimomura, 2011)
Marxian theory says that war takes place due to competition for resources, yet the Malthusian theory says wars occur because of either a power vacuum or as expanding populations encounter scare resources. Yet neither of these theories explains one of the odd facts of the 20th century -- that of the replacement of colonial regimes with military or autocratic regimes controlled by the military when the colonial powers leave (Cashman, 2010)
Indeed, evidence suggests that civil and political rights appear to be granted in a sequence beginning with a strong infrastructure and then more robust economy. However, there is a fine line between allowing the economic system to develop under military rule, enhance technology and more, and diverting economic funds to remain in power (Haas, 2008)
14,500 wards have taken place between 3500 BC and the late 20th century, killing 3.5 billion people and leaving only 300 years of peace" (Henderson, 2010, p
" The report argues that unjust global trade imposed by the rich countries is the primary cause of global inequality. For example, developing countries cannot compete with rich countries because of agricultural subsidies rich countries grant their farmers and "super farmers" (corporations that work in the agricultural sector) (Makwana, 2006)