If we use Friedman's tool to calculate the inflation rate for 1000 dollars between 2013 and 2015, we learn that "What cost $1,000 in 2013 would cost $1,041.70 in 2015" (Friedman, westegg
For accomplishing this, expenses related to procurement of its computer system have to be justified, normally via a benefit-cost analysis. Evidence exists to show that companies are seriously taking into consideration the need to procure cost-justified technological enhancements and, where these have been procured, are profiting from them (Hoskins & Frank, 2003)
Visibility across different business systems, spanning various products and applications. Global Business Services (GBS) is the professional services department at IBM; it includes the company's management consulting, application management, and systems integration resources ((TDWI -- Training & Research -- Business Intelligence, Analytics, Big Data, Data Warehousing, 2015)