Rationale of Medications and Mechanisms of Action, Adverse Effects and Potential Drug-Drug and/or Patient-Drug Interaction The patient was prescribed (1) amoxycillin with clavulanic acid, (2) inhaled salmeterol and (3) inhaled ipratropium. Amoxycillin with clavulanic acid was prescribed due to moderate exacerbation which includes presence of microorganisms plus inhaled salmeterol and inhaled ipratropium" (Prosser and Bollmeier, nd, p
Moreover, emphysema destroys air sacs and therefore directly reduces gas exchange capacity in lungs. With chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways becomes inflamed and irritated, leading to a thickening of airway lining and the creation of mucus as a response (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n
Coping should include all cessation of smoking as well as the implementation of bronchodilators and corticosteroids in an effort to help eliminate complications. Beta2-antagonists can "smooth airway muscle" and anticholinergics are more long-acting in that they block nerves that decrease breathing (Baldouff, 2012)
These medications will also assist her to cope with her symptoms. Her diagnostic work-up should include chest radiography in order to eliminate other diagnoses such as "heart failure or lung cancer" (Broekhuizen, Sachs, Hoes, A
Likewise, FEV1/FVC ratio should be tested to corroborate symptoms and confirm diagnosis. Follow-up plan should include monitoring of patient at regularly scheduled visits and avoiding hospitalization by managing the symptoms (Rice, Dewan, Bloomfield, Grill, Schult, Nelson, 2010)
If the man does not stop smoking immediately, the outlook for his long-term quality of life and survival is rather grim. He will almost certainly regress further into the more severe ranges of COPD and will surely die sooner than he should be given his health status independent of COPD (Krieger, 2016; (Tsiligianni, Goodridge, Marciniuk, Hull & Bourbeau, 2015)
His last COPD review was half a year ago and his FEV1 was in the high fifties from a percentage standpoint. The man is a smoker and has been told that he needs to stop immediately (Tsiligianni, Goodridge, Marciniuk, Hull & Bourbeau, 2015)
If these techniques are used, the patient should be monitored because of the severity of withdrawal symptoms (Spathis & Booth, 2008). If depression is an issue with the patient, then antidepressants might also be part of the pharmacological treatment plan (Ambrosino, Gherardi & Carpene, 2009)
COPD is not a disease, but rather, a collection of more specifically diagnosed medical conditions such as bronchitis and emphysema. Patients diagnosed with COPD tend to be older because it takes time for symptoms to evolve; average age of first diagnosis is 40 (Cherney, 2014)
The inability to breathe properly is the primary cause of concern, which is why all efforts must be made to provide the patient with medical tools and medications such as bronchial dilators. Assessment tools that can be used include pulse oximetry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), spirometry and other pulmonary function tests, and measuring arterial blood gas (Han, et al
¶ … Setting, or Special Group A progressive medical condition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typically divided into four stages: mild, moderate, severe, and very severe or end-stage. Almost all cases of COPD are caused by smoking cigarettes (Nall, 2015)
The patient can be regularly encouraged to take fresh air and mild to moderate exercise like walking, and to take advantage of smoking cessation methods that might prolong life or enhance its quality. Quality of life is an ongoing concern among patients in the end stages of COPD (Spathis & Booth, 2008)