Thus the concept of state sovereignty based on the power of enforcement and political power is slowly being replaced from the last few decades with a volatile situation. (Crawford, 1999) if we examine the Chicago program CAPS actually worked we understand that back in 1990s, when the concept was mooted, the organizers were aware that the public would respond to the generic problems if given an opportunity to express themselves
This seemed to work in homogenous communities. (Fielding, 1995) for a simple illustration, we can consider the Chicago city
In an argument against this decentralization it is argued that "diminishing their importance would erode the privatized feel that now dominates the exercise of city power in America and, thereby, affect the life of every metropolitan resident." (Frug, 1999) it is argued that the community policing will create 'city power' which will be the forerunner of the decentralization of power to American cities
Police violence has resulted in large scale unrest and the research that used the data for Toronto, New York City which was analyzed to see public reaction to police actions and the result was that it was not even reported by the press. (Hale; Ross, 2000) Evaluations, Theory and Innovations, alternative and impact The neighborhood watch which arises from the fear of crime is often on the agenda of politicians and by turning it to a civic duty the citizen is brought on par with the police
The members also have to have a deep understanding of the community and the changes in the community. (Hardina, 2002) The government and the law are inseparable and a decentralized version of administration will change the relationship of the departments and the people and government
"The neighborhood watch is put forward as one of the central vehicles through which collective community action may be coordinated and expressed by 'active' citizens." (Kurke; Scrivner, 1995) the sociological models of the state which have contrasting views like crime is the action that fragments a community and arguments by people like Conklin that both crime and fear go hand in hand which ultimately makes the community powerless to involve itself in any constructive program
There are many authors who have documented the fact that western society is today the most watched society by governments, security agencies and private cameras and equipment. (Mcgrath, 2004) This will be the most enabling feature of community policing
The general supposition is that it prevents ventures by criminal elements. (Norris; Armstrong, 1999) Community policing can thus be effective with advanced technology
These companies are into "housing and neighborhood revitalization, with an elaborate network of intermediary institutions to support them at the local, state, and national levels." (Sirianni; Friedland, 2001) There are more than 200 such groups in one hundred cities and it is this force that set the community activity and furthers the community policing concept in motion
This change will redefine the roles and the methods how the police officers will do their jobs and also in a new manner which will necessitate new psychological training and readjustment. (Skogan; Hartnett, 1997) The Police as a force has wrested control to the department from the political bosses and have evolved over the years the platform for this change
While the general distrust of the police still remains, there will not be as many strikes against an officer that is the same race as the citizens of the neighborhood. This could greatly improve minority relations with very little effort, since people are almost always more comfortable talking to those of their own race, especially if the topic is a sensitive one (Banta, 1998)
This idea of stopping crime is centered around the authorized use of force. When someone uses force to coerce someone else, even if it is legal force, it undermines the whole 'friendly' relationship that the police are trying to establish with the neighborhood residents (Bittner, 1972)
According to those who do not feel that community policing is helpful in the fight against crime, the crime rate has not gone down because of community policing. The crime rate has gone down because crime rates fluctuate (Grisby, 1997)
Community policing is not just for fighting crime, however. Another reason for it is to give the policemen a little morale booster, which many departments around the country really need (Manning, 1998)
It has been argued that aggressive community policing of minority neighborhoods is actually racism. The reason for this is because the minority citizens are singled out for being at higher risk of criminal behavior (Roberts, 1999)
When police departments become interested in taking care of all of those other pressing issues then the reduction of crime, while still important, ceases to be the main issue. If this is the case then community policing is not a good idea in neighborhoods where the crime rate is exceptionally high because the police there need to be fighting crime, and only fighting crime, not worrying about what their public image is or how much it costs to drive a squad car from the suburbs into downtown three times each night on domestic disturbance calls, traffic violations, or other offenses (Zhao & Thurman, 1997)
Assessment would entail determining if the solution was effective. The environment also takes a prominent role in community policing, replacing the traditional perspective of the psychology of crime (Clarke and Eck, 2005, p
Criminal justice expenditures overall increased by 2.7-fold between 1982 and 2007, after correcting for inflation (Kyckelhahn, 2011, p
This would explain why the city of Chicago was able to commit fully to community policing, because it had innovative administrators and sufficient resources to implement the necessary changes. A more recent assessment of the success of community policing suggests that police agencies are starting to move away from community policing, in favor of what has been called the 'order maintenance' strategy, or 'broken windows' theory (Lombardo, Olson, and Staton, 2010, p
However, a number of potentially serious drawbacks were envisioned if community policing were implemented. As police become connected to communities, there is the danger of a shift in political power to law enforcement and increased intrusion into the daily lives of citizens (Moore, 1992, p