Another terminology that we need to define before we move on to the main discussion of this report is 'social policy'. Social policy refers to the strategies, legislation, principles and activities that have the potential to affect the quality of living and living conditions of the people of a particular society (Dean, 2006)
The new governments of these countries aimed to create capitalist economies that were free market-oriented. The countries that have made a transition from being solely communist to capitalist, or at least a combination of two, are referred to as the post-communist nations (Easter, 2012)
The country transitioned from being a communist nation to a democratic one. However, it should be noted that for an effectively functioning democracy it is important that the voters should be educated (Fish, 1995)
This means that the education system will adjust the size of the education centers and also improve upon the use of the existing workforce. As far as the higher education is concerned, the social policy encourages the students to take up courses that will help them contribute towards the economic and social development of the country (Grandin, 2004)
Also, illiteracy is a huge problem. The per capita income of PNG is also considered to be one of the lowest in the world in general and in the region in particular, despite it being rich in resources (Howard, 2002)
In the wake of the policies of WTO, the government of PNG had to deregulate the national policies pertaining to the business interests and protection of the citizens. As per the policy of the treaty, many international companies enter the country for the sake of foreign investment and in the name of economic growth, but instead they turn small people out of their businesses (Kua, 2002)
Capitalism is the opposite of Communism. Karl Marx developed communism during the 19th century (Nelson, 2000)
One of such countries is PNG. As discussed earlier, infant and maternal mortality rates are highest in PNG as compared to the other countries of the Pacific (Philips, 2012)
Social Policies in Cuba The social as well as the economic policies that have been devised by the post-communist government of Cuba correspond to the fundamental principle that the only set up that is capable of overcoming the problems and conserving the subjugations of the Revolution is socialism. Moreover, the government also believes that in updating the social and economic model of the country, the planning of strategies will be considered as the top most priority rather than the market (Ruz, 2011)
Moreover, the recovery of the role of labor as a part of social policy also led to increased fulfillment of personal needs and satisfaction of families. The social policies of post-communist Cuba also aim to guarantee the general public the sustained and organized increase in the quality of goods and services that are offered to the public (Sandholtz and Taagepera, 2005)
Keeping this in mind, the government and the social sector have devised policies that aim at reducing the poverty level in the country, improving the basic education status and improve the economic and health status of the women of PNG. The youth of the country is the main focus of the social policies since 40% of the population consists of children of age 15 and below (Sasingian, 2012)
Apart from this, the people of Cuba are not very much interested in the country becoming a part of globalization since it wants the social policies to be implemented in the country so that they can benefit from them. Most of the people of Cuba want to sustain the achievements of the revolution that led to the formation of the social policies that have been discussed above and therefore they seem to be indifferent to the niche of the country in the global market (Stokes, 2003)
The first key characteristic of the social policies that are being implemented in the country is the preservation of the achievements that resulted from the Revolution. These achievements include easy accessibility to education, medical attention, sports, culture, recreation, social security for the people who need it and retirement pensions (Sweig et
The offspring, also, will thus have a better chance of surviving, for, of the many individuals of any species which are periodically born, but a small number can survive. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection (Darwin)
Whereas Darwin pinpoints the source of struggle as being an inherent component of the interdependence in which species exist and vie for the same essential sustenance they need to continue living, Marx identifies the source of conflict as being one primarily denoted by conceptions of class. In his Communist philosophy, the notions of class and the endemic struggles which they pose to their respective members are as innate as Darwin's conception of the forced engagement between different varieties of life, and which may be evinced in the opening lines of The Communist Manifesto, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" (Marx)
Communism and fascism are two essentially and necessarily modern forms of governmental extremism that illustrates this truth. The ambitions of the two forms of government are "at once comparable and antithetical," both proclaiming a new form of human society in which all problems were solved, but in ways that were diametrically opposed to each other (Furet & Furet 156)
"The men and women who led the October Revolution made it clear that they did not aspire only to power in a raw, hegemonic sense. Their mission also included a reconfiguration of 'culture'" and that included replacing the centrality of the Russian Orthodox Church with communist (atheistic) loyalties (Husband, 1998, p
"The men and women who led the October Revolution made it clear that they did not aspire only to power in a raw, hegemonic sense. Their mission also included a reconfiguration of 'culture'" and that included replacing the centrality of the Russian Orthodox Church with communist (atheistic) loyalties (Husband, 1998, p
It crushes whoever and whatever stands in its way by means of terror and proceeds to a total reconstruction of the society it displaces. Thus a largely rural and feudal Russian Empire, under the absolutist rule of czars stretching back to the fifteenth century, was transformed first by Lenin after the October Revolution of 1917 and then by Stalin into an industrialized Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" (Kohn 4)
"The Russian messianic conception…always exalted Russia as a country that would help to solve the problems of humanity and would accept a place in the service of humanity…recent changes in Russia, the changed attitude to religion and to the country's traditions, make it not only possible but right for Christian Russians to rally to the Soviet government" (Latter 2006). In 1927, Metropolitan Sergii, the patriarch locum tenens of the Russian Orthodox Church, even "called on his followers to accept and obey Soviet power as divinely ordained" (Miner 2002) Religion was also not completely illegal during the Soviet regime: the 1926 and 1977 Constitution only permitted the existence of organizations which contributed to the building of communism but technically granted citizens the freedom to profess a religion