The church brought culture to the new world including music, literature and academics in the form of Universities such as the University of Cordoba, established more than a century before Harvard. However, the Spanish system of rule was inflexible and all major decisions were made in Spain, half a world away, this limited their ability to rule effectively ("English, French, and Spanish Colonies," NDI)
As a result colonies developed a strong national feeling and were not necessarily beholding to the British Empire. These feeling eventually led to the American Revolution as the colonists saw themselves as Americans, not British subjects (Taylor, 2001)
Most of Boardman's proof comes in the nature of the locations of the Greek colonies. He notes that they were located in positions conducive to trade (both by sea and land) (Boardman, 162)
In his book, Early Greece, Murray writes, "Land was an important consideration in all colonies, even those which had other motives as well, for the new city had to be self-sufficient" (111). He continues by saying that without self-sufficiency, a colony could not survive (Murray 111)
In fact, the Spanish attempted an colonization effort much like that of the British sixty years before the English would-be colonists set sale. Eight out of eleven of these ships were brought down by severe weather, and their wreckage just recently explored (Nelson 2007)
They were growing agriculturally and economically, and it was not until after the British took over that some of the legendary famines of Bengal and northern India occurred. Two historians note, "Overall, a favourable land-labour ratio had enabled highly mobile peasant and tribal labour to negotiate reasonable terms with controllers of land" (Bose, and Jalal 43)
The British attempted to control society, religion, and most of Indian beliefs. Another writer notes, "Certain Indian social or religious practices that the British found to be abhorrent were outlawed, such as sati in 1829, and an ethic of 'improvement' was said to dictate British social policies" (Lal)
In sum, prior to the financially devastating impact of World War II, the Empire was already divesting Itself of major colonies. The Empire and Decolonization After World War II By the end of World War II in 1945, the Empire still ruled approximately 700 million people across the globe (Devine 163)
France's determination to hold Algeria in its grasp resulted in a bloody 8-year war with terrorism and torture from both sides. As a result, when Algeria achieved independence in 1962, it gave Europeans the choice of "a suitcase or a coffin" and only a handful of Europeans remained in Algeria by 1963 (Doody)
According to research, these differing experiences of decolonization can be traced to several national and accidental factors. Analysis of the British Empire's Decolonization The Empire and Decolonization Prior to 1945 The most common type of imperial control was the "colony," directly ruled by a Governor representing the British Government and Crown (Luscombe) and a most impressive show of the British Empire's world domination prior to World War II was displayed at the British Empire Exhibition of 1924
S. tactics for dismantling the Empire's trade advantages with its countries, the Empire increasingly relied on "a protectionist policy" in an attempt to consolidate Its trading position with countries included in the Empire (Reynolds 7)
Despite the grave financial impact of the War, Great Britain was still a world power, with all the attendant financial burdens. According to Aron, Shai, "Britain ended the second world war 'in a state of virtual bankruptcy and with the status and commitment of a superpower'" (Shai 289)
tactics for dismantling the Empire's trade advantages with its countries, the Empire increasingly relied on "a protectionist policy" in an attempt to consolidate Its trading position with countries included in the Empire (Reynolds 7). Furthermore, Great Britain was moving away from imperialistic control of India with the Government of India Act of 1935, giving the British India colonies a great deal of autonomy (Smith 72)
Edward Said pointed out (Orientalism) that, in a metaphysical sense, colonialists needed to be at the center and marginalize those they considered inferior. (Chatterjee, 1993) characterizes imperialism as
" Professor Fergusson again blatantly ignoring common sense in a remarkable Churchillian pronouncement that since the British were at the forefront of the two world wars against the evil axis forces of Germany, Japan and Italy, her past sins of colonialism and imperialism ought to be forgiven. (Ferguson, 2003) Several scholars have spoken for the other side
They are isolated from mainstream Australian life. (Hiatt, 1996) James Cook might have never imagined this
India then became the new battlegrounds for competing colonialists. (Mukherjee, 1974) advanced the argument that that there were compelling economic imperatives that drew the European India Companies into the path of imperialism
The main goal was, "favorable Balance of Trade." (Smith and Skinner, 1999) The aims of mercantilism were that nations should limit the importation of goods and services as much as possible so as to prevent the exporting of gold
However, religion through extension missionary work, can also lead to the control seen in colonialism and often provides a bigger influence/impact then violence and warfare. Although colonialism is an inhuman system where people take and plunder the resources of a country, the long-term effects come from the inability of the exploited country to stabilize and develop as well as the way they seem themselves after the colonizers leave (Barker, 2012, 76)
The Changing Social Landscape of Latin America Post Colonialism Former colonies have witnessed the change brought on by colonization as Brubaker mentions. "Colonial and postcolonial societies have been particularly rich sites for such studies" (Brubaker, 2009) Latin America is a prime example