pdf A system of inquiry is a series of questions that are used to determine the ethics of a situation. The system of inquiry covers a wide range of subjects including decision-making, problem solving and behavior in a business setting (Ganly, 2010)
It is the intent of this act that every governmental entity in the state not subject to the state ethics commission, the legislative ethics committee, or the provisions of subdivision 4 of section 211 of the judiciary law shall be subject to the state commission on local government ethics, established by this act (DBSA, 2000). It is also the intent of this act not to replace but rather to supplement other, consistent provisions of law regulating ethics in local government, such as section 107 of the civil service law, and to effect no change in the regulation of compatibility of public office (Atkinson, 2002; Bird, 2003)
The code of ethics should be a comprehensive list of do's and don'ts that will guide and protect government officials. Indeed, it may be said that an ethics law is the best friend of government employees because it tells them what the rules are, helps them stay out of trouble and protects them against friends or supervisors or private employers who just "want a little favor" (Bahl, 2002)
The code of ethics should be a comprehensive list of do's and don'ts that will guide and protect government officials. Indeed, it may be said that an ethics law is the best friend of government employees because it tells them what the rules are, helps them stay out of trouble and protects them against friends or supervisors or private employers who just "want a little favor" (Bahl, 2002)
Whenever a municipal officer or employee is required to refuse himself or herself under this code of ethics, he or she (Department of Constitutional Development, 1997) shall promptly inform his or her superior, if any, shall promptly file with the municipal clerk a signed statement disclosing the nature and extent of the prohibited action or, if a member of a board, shall state that information upon the public record of the board, and III. shall immediately refrain from participating further in the matter (Bird, 2003)
At the same time, it is recognized that public service cannot require a complete divesting of all proprietary interest, nor impose overly burdensome disclosure requirements, if local governments are to attract and hold competent administrators (Momoniat, 2001). Although the assurance of ethical conduct will continue to rest primarily on the personal integrity of the officers and employees themselves, on the commitment of elected and appointed officials, and on the vigilance of their communities, the establishment of the standards and guidelines set forth in this act is an additional step toward providing the highest caliber of public administration for local governments and increased confidence in public officials (Gildenhuys, 2002)
The purpose of this act is to establish minimum standards of ethical conduct for municipal officers and employees to help ensure that the business of government is free from improper influence that may result from opportunities for private gain. At the same time, it is recognized that public service cannot require a complete divesting of all proprietary interest, nor impose overly burdensome disclosure requirements, if local governments are to attract and hold competent administrators (Momoniat, 2001)
Ethics codes contain many different kinds of provisions, but the most common, and most important, provisions are the following: General prohibition: on using one's government position for private gain for oneself, one's family, one's private employer or business, a recent private employer, a major private customer or client, or a person with whom one has a financial relationship (Bahl & Solomon, 2000). For example, a government contracting agent may not recommend that a government contract be awarded to her brother's company (Pycroft, 1998)
Recusal. A municipal officer or employee shall promptly refuse himself or herself from acting on a matter before the municipality when acting on the matter, or failing to act on the matter, may financially benefit any of the persons listed in subdivision 1 of this section (Swilling, 1988)
Gifts. A municipal officer or employee shall not solicit anything of value from any person who has received or sought a financial benefit from the municipality, nor accept anything of value from any person who the municipal officer or employee knows or has reason to know has received or sought a financial benefit from the municipality within the previous twenty-four months (Whelan, 2002)
In addition, refusing service to clients is not covered by the code, if the client needs service the cosmetologist is not comfortable providing. One only has to recall the incident last fall when a JC Penney salon refused service to an African-American woman because they didn't have anyone on staff that had experience with African-American hair and the uprising that caused (Mohammed, 2008)
Establishing ethical definitions of proper treatment, however, toes a fine line in between the issues discussed above between the patient's right to informed consent and the EMT's duty to conserving life, which may not necessarily refer to the immediate patient's life. Adding to the conflict and to the high demand of decision-making on the part of an EMT is the fact that "emergency" is not clearly defined in the medical literature; one person's emergency for which informed consent would be waived might be another person's mild to moderate pain (Annas 2004, p
Almost overnight, the job description and elements of the EMTs was radically changed; protocols regarding gloves and mucous membrane protections were added to protect medical professionals from contracting the newly-discovered blood-borne diseases. In order to address specific issues in this atmosphere, the EMT Code of Ethics was written by Charles Gillespie in 1978 and subsequently approved to help deal with the ethical dilemmas of emergency treatment (Gillespie 1978)
This ethical juxtaposition facing EMTs, between conserving life in every manner possible, and in carrying out the proper methods of informed consent, has become one specific dilemma in the field today. This question faces not just EMTs, but all medical personnel involved in treating emergency patients and disaster victims; standard procedure allows EMTs to make the decision individually and at the time of treatment (Richardson 2005)
"The safety of Florida's students is of the utmost importance, and adherence to the professional code of conduct is only one of several essential components through which we ensure the care of students, the integrity of the profession and the respect of the community. In addition to the harm it may cause to our students, educator misconduct disgraces the community and denigrates the profession" (Lambeth)
It is important that the organization ensures that it is updated with all the ordinances passed and all the recent amendments made in all relevant laws including company law, consumer protection laws, labor laws, International Accounting Standards etc. The organization must ensure that its work practices and ethical code of conduct is upgraded to comply with the new changes (Brown & Mausehund,1997)
Besides corporate sector, practices and ethical standards by non-profit organizations have also come under government scrutiny. The society at large is particularly more concerned about the practices and the ethical code of conducts adopted by the non-profit organization because such organizations are generally financed by donors and tax payers' money (Carlson & Blodgett, 1997)
The organization must ensure compliance to all consumer protection laws at all times. The organization must ensure that consumers and/or customers are not misled or misinformed about the product or services (Hoffman, Kamm, Fredrick & Pretry, 1994)
Any kind of workplace harassment be it physical, verbal, mental, or sexual, must be discouraged. In an event of workplace harassment being reported by an employee, the matter must be looked into and the culprit must be penalized according to relevant labor laws and code of ethics (Holloway, 1995)
The organization must ensure that consumers and/or customers are not misled or misinformed about the product or services (Hoffman, Kamm, Fredrick & Pretry, 1994). The organization must inform that the product and/or service offered to the consumer is in compliance with all human health and safety laws (Jewe, 2008)