He uses language to convince African-Americans to: Make real the promises of democracy; now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice; now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (King) He wishes to remind them of what belongs to them but he wants them to claim it through non-violent measures
Protests energized the African-American community and church and successful protests emerged as a result. Protests occurred in the Southern United States and sit-ins were also popular among an "important mass base" (Morris 525)
, and so they prompted African-Americans to equip themselves and also encounter white culture to be able to drive whites to allow them equivalent rights. Black Panther leaders implemented a "Ten-Point Plan," which considered necessary black empowerment, a stop to racial oppression, and also power over key institutions as well as services within the Black neighbourhood, for example educational institutions, police force, property, and healthcare services (Appleby et al
Hall had been an 1854 Supreme Court of California judgment that The Chinese, like blacks along with Indians, cannot offer testimony in the court in opposition to whites. Locke, California, had been an all-Chinese non-urban neighbourhood constructed in 1913 on leased property for the reason that California Asian Land Act disallowed Asian-Americans the authority to private land (Cobb et al
These rights as well as liberties, nevertheless, had been meant just for white individuals of property. The actual Founding Fathers by no means thought that women, African-Americans (either slave and totally free), or males devoid of home may be the equal of the propertied white males vested with involvement within the civic area (Kukathas, 2008)
At that time, African-Americans were not allowed to sit at the lunch counter in that department store. In Greensboro, as in many places in the United States, the African-Americans of the city's population were being treated far worse than whites, particularly in the job market where blacks only made about 40% of a white person's income, even when they were doing the same job (Chafe 1981,-page 17)
More violence took place throughout 1961 and 1962 finally forcing the president to act on behalf of the people. On November 10, 1962 he signed Executive Order 11063 which prohibited racial discrimination in federally supported housing or related facilities (Dalek 2003,-page 580)
By providing protection for the Freedom Riders, Kennedy also gave large pockets of the population courage as to the possibility of racial equality. In some of the states with the most deeply seeded racial beliefs, the Freedom Riders came in and functioned as a sort of conquering hero (Davis 2011)
He came to the same conclusion as Nixon and realized that pursuing this agenda would likely alienate southern Senators and make his presidency very difficult and quite ineffective in terms of making laws. Without a cooperative Congress, it would be difficult if not impossible to get through any legislation, particularly the proposed laws which dealt with domestic issues (Grantham 1988,-page 156)
Whereas many southern state authorities were encouraging the imprisonment of King and other so-called racially motivated agitators, Kennedy made a decisive stand against those archaic views and demanded equality for African-Americans which he wanted to be achieved through the judicial process. During his first State of the Union address to Congress in January 1961, Kennedy famously stated: "The denial of constitutional rights to some of our fellow Americans on account of race -- at the ballot box and elsewhere -- disturbs the national conscience, and subjects us to the charge of world opinion that our democracy is not equal to the high promise of our heritage" (Kennedy 1961)
Whereas many southern state authorities were encouraging the imprisonment of King and other so-called racially motivated agitators, Kennedy made a decisive stand against those archaic views and demanded equality for African-Americans which he wanted to be achieved through the judicial process. During his first State of the Union address to Congress in January 1961, Kennedy famously stated: "The denial of constitutional rights to some of our fellow Americans on account of race -- at the ballot box and elsewhere -- disturbs the national conscience, and subjects us to the charge of world opinion that our democracy is not equal to the high promise of our heritage" (Kennedy 1961)
In 1954, while Kennedy was serving as Senator from Massachusetts, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown v. The Board of Education that separate but equal was, in fact, not equal (Kenney 2000,-page 29)
On the 11th of June, 1963, the same day as the confrontation with Wallace, Kennedy went on television and spoke to the American people where he explained that civil rights would become part of his administration's focus for the remainder of his presidency. He demanded equal access to public schools and facilities and greater protection of voters throughout the country (Reeves 1993,-page 521)
Both Nixon and Kennedy supported equality for African-Americans. The major difference seems to be in the decision whether or not to focus on this issue during their presidential campaign (Renka 2010)
Besides helping Dr. King out of prison and providing guards for Freedom Riders as already mentioned, he also lent support to young people, going so far as to task his brother Robert who was then Attorney General to desegregate the Executive Branch and demand other departments within the government take the same stand (Schlesinger 1978)
Once in America, they were sold like cattle and forced to work throughout the Southern states, primarily in cotton and tobacco plantations. The Union victory in the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 ended American Slavery but did comparatively little to improve the lives of the freed African slaves (Edwards, Wallenberg, & Lineberry, 2008)
This law gave women's rights activists in the 1970s legal standing to fight for equal pay and anti-sexual harassment policies. Furthermore, feminist theorists like Patricia Hill Collins pointed out black women faced dueling prejudices regarding their gender and race (Collins 2004)
However, the brutal beating and shooting of the teenager were in no way commensurate with his alleged crime -- whistling at a white woman. The subsequent acquittal of the two suspects in Till's murder further aroused public anger (Newman 2004)
For example, COFO backed James Meredith's 1962 lawsuit for admission into the University of Mississippi. Under Medgar Evers, local activists in Mississippi also began door-to-door voter education and registration drives (Patterson 2002)
Civil rights attorney R. Samuel Paz, for example, lamented how the FBI is abandoning its domestic responsibility to investigate acts of criminality by police departments (Stuntz 2002)