Then, Hally was given a split to stabilize the area and a partial cast to aid in stability and healing. Hally's mother was advised to give her Children's Ibuprofen to help with pain and swelling (3, 50mg chewable tabs three times a day) (Sears, 2011)
Hally had no broken skin, so her issue was known as a closed fracture, which is far less serious than a bone broken in multiple places (comminuted fracture, a dislocation (bone out of joint), or a compound fracture in which the bone is sticking through the skin (Baniukiewicz, 2011). Hally will need to be wary of excessive movements of her right arm; certainly taking steps to minimize further injury, keep swelling to a minimum, and get enough nutrition, particularly calcium and vitamins a, D and C, to aid in healing (Tremblay, 2011)
(James; MacKay; Sirnick, 2003) the families of children those are victims of subdural hemorrhages are subjected to intense examination by the social welfare agencies. (Blumenthal, 2002) the maintenance of these children entails much dependence on the medical system, caretakers and the society as a whole
The baby named Alex who was only 5 weeks old, died in October 2000; within 18 months of being shaken. (Burke, 2004) According to Caffey, the pathogenic whip-lash shaking is being effected to in several means, under varied environments, by various types of persons and for different causes
The parental ambitions of the children not consistent with the growth of them are considered to be the major critical elements. (Folmer; McCabe, 2003) According to Chiocca, the elementary cause of the parents having impractical expectations is the lack of awareness on developmentally suitable behaviors
The Shaken Child Syndrome gives rise to an acute magnitude of death and illness. (James; MacKay; Sirnick, 2003) Every year it is estimated that about 2,086,000 children are susceptible to the child abuse or negligence
The less severe but chronic shaking of infants may cause in the long run deficiencies with regard to attentiveness, and impairment of learning capabilities. (Showers, 1992) Some of the damages caused by shaking include subdural, retinal or subarachnoid hemorrhages
He could indicate the severe subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhages and periosteal new bone formation at the metaphsysial regions of long bones by introducing the terminology Whiplash Shaken Infant Syndrome in 1974. (Smith, 2003) Caffey attempted to narrate the characteristics of six babies of below 13 months old suffering from subdural haematomas and 'bone lesions of battering'
The enhancement in the rate of understanding and response to child abuse have attracted more attention on the intensity of the harm occurred as a result of the forceful shaking of the infants previously ignored for consideration as a type of physical abuse. (Spaide; Swengel; Scharre; Mein, 1990) The infants are susceptible to severe injury when shaken
Prior to Caffey, Hess in his book 'Scurvy, Past and Present' detailed on many peculiar symptoms of scurvy associating many forms of hemorrhages that may take place in any organ and differ from small petechiae to very extensive extravasations. (Scheibner, 2001) it was a British neurosurgeon- Guthkelch who first narrated subdural haemorrhage in infants as a consequence of shaking
This is because the extra meaning contained in nonsense comes not from what it "means but rather what it does" (Rieder 47). Nonsense is not meant to be understood itself, but rather to reveal something about the underlying structures and assumptions that it is playing with by breaking down the reader's usual interpretation of those elements (Andricikova 25)
For example, when Mary notices that Colin's manners are atrocious, she thinks about how she "had indeed been rather like him herself and since she had gradually discovered that her own manners had not been of the kind which is usual or popular. Having made this discovery she naturally thought it of enough interest to communicate to Colin" (Burnett 293)
However, to see how the nonsense in the book manages to subvert adult standards of behavior and culture, one need not look any further than Alice's initial descent into the rabbit hole. As she is falling, Alice wonders if she "shall fall right through the earth," and remarks to herself "how funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward" (Carroll 3)
To begin, it will be worthwhile to partially define the notion of literary nonsense as such, in order to better contextualize the subsequent analysis of the texts mentioned above. In his book Philosophy of Nonsense, Jean-Jacques Lecercle describes nonsense as representing "metasense," meaning that "the negative prefix in 'nonsense' is the mark of a process not merely of denial but also of reflexivity," because nonsense literature constantly forces the reader to acknowledge a kind of conflict between the avatars of authority in the form of "rules of grammar, maxims of conversation politeness" and the extra meaning that is created by the gleeful subversion of these avatars (Lecercle 2-3)
The book reveals the tendency of adults to go along with seemingly nonsensical statements or behavior because they are unwilling to admit that they view them as such. For example, when inquiring about Winnie-the-Pooh's name, the only answer the narrator gets is a seemingly exasperated question from Christopher, "Don't you know what 'ther' means?" (Milne 5)
Thus, nonsense literature does not merely mock established preexisting forms of literature or speech, but rather depends on them in order to make its point, because, as nonsense, it does not directly make a point. This is because the extra meaning contained in nonsense comes not from what it "means but rather what it does" (Rieder 47)
Exhibiting nonsense literature's fondness for "maxims of conversation politeness" and traditional representations of authority, the scene in which Stuart learns of Harriet features the titular character talking to a storekeeper. The storekeeper tells Stuart that one of Harriet's "ancestor's used to be a ferryman here in Revolutionary days," and that "her people, the Ameses, are rather prominent" (White 104)
According to Bobbi Hansen in his article, "Using portfolios as a tool to teach writing to students with learning disabilities (1998)," "The use of portfolios as an alternative to traditional assessments and grading schemes is growing more popular at all levels of education." Of course, this is particularly important when one considers the fact that more mainstream assessment criteria are notoriously ineffective at accurately gauging the abilities of the exceptional student (Hansen)
After all, many may argue that "grading" work can become far too "subjective" to a particular teacher or instructor. However, there are several "rubrics" in existence as well as in development that promise to put this fear to rest (see the Curriculum-Based Measurement of Common Writing Errors (Karge, 1998))
Of course, this model can do much to alleviate the motivation and morale issues previously addressed, simply because it alleviates much of the "performance anxiety" that plagues many exceptional learners. Further, key supportive activities on the part of the instructor, including "conferencing, prompting, modeling, and dialoguing," serve to create a "writing environment designed to encourage the creative process and to reduce the fear that students often associate with writing (Newcomer, Nodine, Barenbaum, 1988)