Put another way, when received by someone who appreciates the central function of art, which is to challenge assumptions by revealing some kind of truth, art can only produce "beautiful meanings," so anyone seeking to censor art has already by definition failed to appreciate art correctly. In 1999, in response to an exhibition of young British artists, Rudy Giuliani embodied the notion of "corrupt without being charming" perfectly when he threatened to cut off funding for the Brooklyn Museum of Art over what he called "sick stuff" (Barry & Vogel 560)
/ Thought and language are to the artist instruments of an art. / Vice and virtue are to the artist materials for an art" (Wilde 588)
Responses to this uproar varied, with one of the most popular being an acknowledgment of the paper's right to print the cartoons coupled with an entreaty for "sensitivity" to religious beliefs. This latter aspect was summed up by French Theologian Sohaib Bencheikh, when he claimed that "one must find the borders between freedom of expression and freedom to protect the sacred" (Moore, 2006)
' Pornographic material featuring consenting adults is regulated through the 'obscenity' provision of the Criminal Code (section 163). In other words, unlike child pornography, pornographic material involving consenting adults is legal in Canada if it is not deemed to be obscene" (Casavant, Robertson)
Any true proponent of censorship would take up this line of reasoning (which is similar to Augustine's line of reasoning -- ironically -- for not criminalizing prostitution). Yet, the Canadian government fails to take it up in earnest, instead justifying its laws concerning pornography by referring to the "other liberal democracies of the 'free' world" and showing how its own "constitution is founded upon the principle that society benefits from 'an open marketplace of ideas and opinions'" (Currie 45)
Michael Jones refutes her position thus: while McElroy argues in favor of nature (ala Rousseau), Jones for nature (ala Augustine). Rousseau made claims such as, "Nature, not man, is [our] schoolmaster" (432), and during the French Revolution, nature was defined by people like de Sade, who judged man's nature to be brutal, selfish, and animalistic -- not transcendental or spiritual in any way (Jones 50)
Perhaps the most famous modern definition of pornography comes from the American court case Jacobellis v. Ohio, in which Justice Stewart stated, "I can't define pornography, but I know it when I see it" (West)
Corporate media is trying to maintain access to most official sources of news." (Phillips 11)
Proponents of government controlled censorship argue, "Even of one is an absolutist when it comes to the First Amendment, it is worth noting that the existence of a right to do something does not mean that it is a morally or socially acceptable thing to do." (Roleff, 19)
Like Manson, he blames the parents and the individuals and tries to minimize the dangers presented by irresponsible media. He even ignores scientific findings which have shown "a causal link between violent entertainment and violent behaviors" (Taylor)
" The third reason that book censorship is against the constitution is that it interferes with freedom of the press. The freedom of the press has been tried again and again in various situation and it has always won the battle because of the protections that the constitution provides (Brubaker, 1994)
The library and course content are targets for censorship by the religious right when they encounter works that offend their religious sensitivities. Thus, Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and Mark Twain's books are examples of works they find offensive and for the removal of which they labor (Schwartzbart, 1997)
In the early 1950's there were attempts to censor books in the California school system. Various groups formed to either fight for or against censorship (Stewart, 1948)
At that time the question had to do with communism and the fear of individuals that their neighbors, friends and family members had joined the communist party. Many books at the time were examined to determine whether they had pro-communist content and if so there was a movement to remove those books from the shelves (Tenney, 1947)
Activities and campaigns like this happen all of the time but the anti-SOPA campaign was an example of it working with overwhelmingly effective results. Legislation like spurs action quite quickly becomes it comes across to many as authoritarianism (Calingaert, 2010)
A sterling example of this in action was the actions taken by Egypt during the last throes of the Mubarak regime. After three days of vitriolic protests that were in large part organized through social media sites like Facebook, Egypt took the largely unprecedented step of completely shutting off the Internet (Dibbell, 2012)
This filtering of the internet to ostensibly protect the vulnerable is generally supported although there are some detractors (Nantai & Cockerline, 2010). There is also a question as to how generally effective the practice even is (Eneman, 2010)
There is also a question as to how generally effective the practice even is (Eneman, 2010). Some have argued that education of online users is much more important than any screening that can be done (Essex, 2009)
Another effect that online activity restriction can have is the thought that such actions are inherently incompatible with the precepts of democracy and freedom of speech in general (Morozov, 2011). Such questions have been posed based on the restrictions placed on the online activities and speech of people in South Korea (Fish, 2009)
Pros of Freedom of Expression One major plus of freedom of expression is that it can send up a beacon of hope and optimism for people in oppressive regimes and situations. There are many countries that regulate free speech and internet activity (Greengard, 2010)