According to Niskanen, "most of the literature on bureaucracy, from Confucius to Weber, proceeds from an organic concept of the state, that is, a concept of a state for which the preferences of individuals are subordinate to certain organic goals of the state." (Niskanen, p
Rediscovering Weber's analysis of bureaucratic organization, then, enriches our understanding of public administration." (Olsen, p
Ouchi (1980) explains the phenomenon, reporting that "an organization will exist so long as it can offer its members inducements which exceed the contributions is asks of them." (Ouchi, 129) This denotes what Clegg (1994) would describe in a discussion on Foucault's ideology as an almost unconscious surrender of freedom in accordance with the social contract underlying modernity
For a range of bureaucracies, those who are biased against clients lead to more efficient outcomes." (Prendergast, p
The power-holder must be able to count on the obedience of the staff members, officials, or whoever else they may be." (Weber, p
Thus, in the same way that competition serves as catalysts for bureaucratic agencies to function effectively, incumbency of bureaucratic positions also encourage members of the bureaucracy to perform optimally, according to the requirements of their position or role in the agency. The fifth aspect of bureaucracy that makes it advantageous for the government is the apparent freedom of information present in it, a "mechanism" that enables the agencies to work independently from public servants and civil society, making it an autonomous body within the state (Jackson, 2002:284-5)
called for transforming the labor movement into a strong force for social justice and democracy in America. In contrast, like venture entrepreneurs, the NUP [New United Partnership] calls for labor market shares, hostile mergers and takeovers of weaker entities, and concentrated power in the hands of directors -especially their own (Benson 2)
Democracy Is Better Than Bureaucracy Democracy is defined by Webster's New World Dictionary as "government by the people, either directly or through elected representatives, 2) a country, state, etc. with such government, 3) majority rule, and 4) the acceptance and practice of the principle of equality of rights, opportunity, and treatment (Webster 201)
All these factors have impressed a profound impact on accession and quality of the services provided. Micro-economic reforms have influenced the responsibilities of paid and unpaid managers and are being extensively analysed for more appropriate organisational and managerial models (Rees 1995, Jackson and Donovan 1999)
Hence the importance of people in the organizations has been acknowledged and they, not bars on an organizational chart, are regarded as vital component of a formal organization. Today in Australia, few researchers believe that non-profit organisations need to change with the emerging socio-political and economic climate of welfare provision (Steane1999 and Mc Donald 1997)
Most truck drivers who responded to the agency's new rule did not wholly object to the idea that it is safer to drive without holding a cellular phone. One driver was quoted as stating "They should expand it to everybody…If you're going to operate a cellphone in a motor vehicle, you should be wearing a Bluetooth… [but] why limit it to truckers?" (Leiser 2011) The most common complaint was that the new rule did not go far enough, that drivers of ordinary cars, vans, and all other vehicles should also be included
"But of course few judges are likely to have such a good understanding of prisons, any more than they are likely to know much about schools, police departments, welfare agencies, or regulatory commissions." (Wilson, 294) Even in cases when they are determined to make a positive change, judges risk triggering a chain of events that can eventually damage the system as a whole