" Reutter's thesis is that today's potential uses of chemical weapons have changed dramatically since the compounds were first developed, and that scientific analysis of the materials and their toxicological effects must change to accommodate those contemporary scenarios." (Hood, 1999) Reutter is noted as having stated: "
It can detect up to 10 different biological agents and give you a result within 15 minutes of detection as to what that agent is." (Doesburg, 2003) Bio-Detection Process: A Four-Step Process The work entitled: Biological Detection System Technologies: Technology and Industrial Base Study - a Primer on Biological Detection Technologies published by TRW Systems and Information Technology Group in February 2001 for the North American Technology and Industrial Base Organization (NATIBO) relates what is stated to be 'candidate biological detection technologies' and states that the bio-detection process is one that is "relatively complex" and is a four-step process as follows: 1) Cueing - Is a suspicious aerosol cloud present? 2) Detection - is a biological substance present in the aerosol cloud? 3) Discrimination - Is a biological agent present; and 4) Identification - What is the biological agent
). Molecular Detection in Natural Waters Francisella Tularensis has long been the cause of persistent and endemic disease Tularemia in some parts of Northern Sweden where subspecies holarctica occurs (Broman et al
). Method of Detection Tularemia is a zoonosis and the infecting agent is Francisella Tularensis (Carvallo et Al, 2007)
Francisella Tularensis A BIOTERRORISM-RELATED EPIDEMIC Nature of the Menace and Global Incidence New, re-emerging and microbiologic infections threaten the health of peoples, including those in the industrialized world, according to world health entities (Cutler et al
). FT is considered a formidable biologic agent in that it occurs naturally throughout North America (Farlow et al
). Preparedness for Bioterrorism A biologic attack against civilian populations is now a recognized real threat and naturally occurring infectious agents and their products are likely implements in the activity (Relman & Olson, 2001)
). Epidemiologic and Molecular Analysis Comparative clinical trials of human tularemia cases from 1964 to 2004 in 39 States showed that 2 subspecies account for Tularemia in the United States (Staples et al
Method of Detection Tularemia is a zoonosis and the infecting agent is Francisella Tularensis (Carvallo et Al, 2007). Francisella tularensis or FT is also a potential agent of bioterrorism (Seibold et al
His is a presumption that the infection and the reporting will occur in the morning or late in the evening when the residents are home still. This is inaccurate since once the people move about, it would be hard to track the infection trend and accordingly advice the health authorities and other concerned departments (Adam Szpiro et.al., 2007)
The above is an indication that the surveillance has little or belated chances of detection of bioterrorism as they may detect an attack one and a half a day later where the people are stationary and may be a few hours less than that if there is movement of the infected people. Terrorists can then employ this and target stationary populations and expose them to small doses minimizing the detection chances by this surveillance system (Tener Godwin, 2006)