, "There are many potentially hostile foreign and domestic sources of such threats, and some key threats like biological weapons involve rapidly changing technologies that will pose a steadily growing threat to the U.S. homeland" (Cordesman, 2002, p
Few Americans will dispute that the nation, and even the world, has changed since the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Two researchers into terrorism wrote, "Since September 11, America has been on a war footing, with armed soldiers standing guard at our nation's airports, enhanced security at nuclear power plants and other vulnerable locations, and military jets flying combat air patrols in order to intercept and shoot down hijacked commercial aircraft" (Klinger & Grossman, 2002)
The author also discusses just how the Muslims find funding, and how they use an assortment of methods to transfer and raise terrorist funds throughout the world. The author notes, "For at least six years, the terror organizations reaped the benefits of fund-raising through charities, illegal schemes, and straight money laundering, while law enforcement and Treasury officials failed to move against them" (Posner 130)
Rescue units put their lives on the line ignoring their own safety to safely remove and save any victims from a disaster. In the 9/11 trade tower bombing, it was rescue workers who voluntarily went into the trade center building as it was collapsing in an attempt to save lives (Cushman 2003)
The Terrorists exploited that, because they knew the United States' people felt safe and secure. By attacking the way they did, they destroyed that feeling of safety and created a feeling of fear and worry among a large majority of the American people (Bolton, 2006)
The PAPD was only a part of the critical incident response. The New York fire department and police department also responded, and there were many untrained people who pitched in to help because they saw the gravity of the situation (Caraley, 2002)
One of the reasons the PAPD performed so well on 9/11, however, likely came from the fact that they were not strangers to that type of attack on that specific target. In 1993, the World Trade Center was also the subject of an attack by terrorists attempting to destroy it (Chernick, 2005)
On that day many lives were lost. Among them were 37 officers and one K-9 officer from the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD) (Damico & Quay, 2010)
S. public safety agencies responded to the incident in September, but their skills were rusty and they were really unprepared for the magnitude of what they encountered (Bolton, 2006)
S. knows this kind of attack could take place on their soil and in their subway systems (Eldridge, 2006)
One of these covert actions sparked the decisions that led to the preparing of the turning point. Operation 34A directed the American trained Vietnamese manned patrol boats to attack radar stations in North Vietnam (Moss, 2010)
The constant buildup of American naval personnel in Vietnam led Northern Vietnam to decide to send more forces into the area. The knowledge of Operation 34A led to a decision by North Vietnam to go after the destroyer (Allen, 2001)
S. F8 Crusader jets off an aircraft carrier USS Ticonderoga which went after the three Soviet torpedo boats destroying one of them (Duiker, 1994)
government has also stepped up its surveillance system constructing a highly intricate and controversial eavesdropping data-system base that is run by the National Security Agency and contains trillions of e-mails, web searches and commercial transactions." (McGregor 2011))
Rather than attribute the threat posed by denial of service attacks to the oft cited cause of limited bandwidth capability, the authors contend that telecommunication and internet networks are constructed on fundamentally divergent design platforms. As the authors state directly, "to support our assertion, we present two new vulnerabilities in cellular data services & #8230; (and) these attacks specifically exploit connection setup and teardown procedures in networks implementing the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)" (Traynor, McDaniel & La Porta, 2007), and despite the complexity of this semantic construction, the implication of their assertion is clear
S. information infrastructure for intelligence collection, intellectual property theft, or disruption" because "terrorist groups and their sympathizers have expressed interest in using cyber means to target the United States and its citizens" (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 16)
The PCFs uses that information to update its counters. Once this information has been obtained the Access control rule use PCFs to activate the forwarding and blocking of any suspicious packets (Chen, Park, & Marchany, May 2007)
Apart from these strengths, the tIP router provides better performance for applications with sessions having a higher effective throughput. They also do not require the support of DiffServ infrastructure because they work using the best effort model (Francois, Aib, & Boutaba, 2012)
The weakness of this technique is that when the network resources are under provisioned good service differentiation and isolation is not possible. This makes the network vulnerable to ACK attacks (Khattab, Melhem, Mosse, & Znati, 2006)
The three types of attacks as discussed by Kompella et al. (2007) include partial completion attack, attacks that do scanning, and bandwidth attacks (Kompella, Singh, & Varghese, Feb 2007)