Literature Review The issue of paying college athletes has existed practically since the inception of national college sports, and the suspicion that compensation might somehow corrupt the sport is almost built into its history. Specifically, early college sports organizations were careful to stipulate that all players be amateurs, meaning, in the words of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, that a player must be "one who participates in competitive physical sports only for the pleasure and the physical, mental, moral, and social benefits directly derived therefrom" (Freedman, 2002, p
Some critics have suggested that the difference between amateur and professional is an imaginary one, because student athletes are already effectively treated like employees. In fact, according to a study published in the Washington Law Review, student athletes' "daily burdens and obligations not only meet the legal standard of employee, but far exceed the burdens and obligations of most university employees" (McCormick & McCormick, 2006, p
College Athlete Pay The question of payment for college athletes may seem trivial at first glance, when one considers the variety of other, seemingly more pressing issues facing universities today, but upon closer examination it becomes clear that the question of whether or not college athletes should be payed for playing actually cuts to the heart of budget crises plaguing so many American universities. For example, according to Forbes magazine, in 2011 the University of Texas Longhorns football team brought in $129 million dollars for the school, a not insubstantial amount considering that so many universities are being forced to reduce their budgets (Smith, 2011)
On the other end of the spectrum, NCAA investigations have turned up instances of clear wrong-doing, where students were given definitively unethical financial assistance in return for playing. For example, in 2005 Arizona State University was placed on probation after it was discovered that over sixty athletes had received improper financial aid benefits, as well as cash from selling textbooks improperly given to them (Wolverton, 2005)
College athletes deserve to reap more of the benefits their athletic contributions are bringing to their schools. Some critics point out that only some sports like basketball and football earn the sky-high revenues for the NCAA, and if football players receive a paycheck then it hurts the volleyball and tennis players at those schools (Korman)
Any corporate sponsorship of college sports or its players is funneled directly into the schools and the businesses that support their athletic departments -- and not to the students. Yet the NCAA expressly prohibits colleges and universities from paying their students anything beyond the official scholarship finds they provide (Meshefejian)
They do not need the kind of win that brings on a soiled character (Will). An analysis of 26 pills from eight manufacturers showed that their ingredients fell below the recommended range for ethical drugs (Brunk 2000)
Green added that potential adverse effects of the drugs included prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, reduced HDL and cardiac arrhythmias (Brunk). The General Medical Council warned doctors that they would be deleted from the medical register if they prescribed performance-enhancing drugs to athletes (Laurance 2000)
, but they are available over the counter in other countries (Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence). The American College of Sports Medicine observed that the use of anabolic steroids had gone up in the last decade (Rose 2000)
Five other subjects exhibited psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations of voices (Science News). To many persons, professional sports involves numbers or statistics (Santora 2005), Those who heavily indulge in sports get paid for their performance
Opinion Athletes and other individuals should avoid the use of steroids despite the hard drive to professional success. Sports directors and other officials can do a lot to effect this ban and stop the abusive use of the substances (Svare 2006)
Massive response of support is needed from fans of all major sports through boycotts and other activities before a change can take effect (Nutrition Health Review). Some enhancements do not contribute to better performance or may appear like improving it but actually devalue performance (Will 2004)
Commercialism may permeate youth's social world, nevertheless, circulated symbols frequently adopt meanings foreign to the media's initial intent. (Beal, and Wilson 9) Because technology affects performance, innovation, as its intent, will continue to accelerate
We bleed, we laugh, we cry and we have fear." Adewale Ogunleye (Drehs) Pro" Play Some professional athletes who "play" - are from the media's spotlight and are paid more than individuals who work in a number of other professions
Consequently, some professional athletes begin serious post career agitation without knowing why they hurt so badly, or why they experience problems abandoning an athletic ability they cultivated since they were a child. (Marino 9) Between Victory and Defeat in their study, Todd, and Brown note the value of athletes having an "edge" and utilize the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS; Brewer, Van Ranlte, & Linder, 1993, cited by Todd, and Brown), designed to assess the social, cognitive, and affective aspects of Athletic Identity
" More positive developments include new surgeries which extend athletes' careers and enable primary players to recover from injuries that once instantly destroyed athletes' futures. (Sweeney) to continue to try to nurture their futures, some athletes regularly practice silencing their feelings and fears to ensure their minds remain quiet enough to compete
With studies such as this one, qualitative methods are generally the best choice. These methods are not like quantitative methods, in that qualitative studies are designed to ask people about their feelings and opinions as opposed to focusing on things like statistical analyses (Creswell, 2001; Creswell, 1994)
With studies such as this one, qualitative methods are generally the best choice. These methods are not like quantitative methods, in that qualitative studies are designed to ask people about their feelings and opinions as opposed to focusing on things like statistical analyses (Creswell, 2001; Creswell, 1994)
Of course, other studies indicate that research into goal setting has not examined this thoroughly enough and, therefore, has not accurately established whether the setting of goals varies between training and competition. The study analyzed here used a qualitative approach in order to investigate the kinds of goals that are set by athletes, in both training and competition situations (Monroe-Chandler, et al
Examples of golf specific instrumentation include; balls, club head tracking and robots most of them are locally made from the institute, the biomechanics features of the laboratory start of the apparatus of the art for performance of the human in addition they analyze of the 3D precision of the whole swing motion. According to (Wes Sime/Thomas W