For instance one therapist suggests that patients who are experiencing anxiety actually "allow themselves to feel the storm [of anxiety within] whip up, then let it pass, concentrating on not doing anything," rather than retreating to the hectic, hurrying busyness that is often the instinctive treatment for anxious feelings. (Carey, 2004) "This Zen-like self-observation, called mindfulness, is an exercise not in avoidance but in feeling and enduring emotional pain
Extensive research has been conducted into the topic of math anxiety in both psychological and physiological avenues. Researchers assert that "Math anxiety can bring about widespread, intergenerational discomfort with the subject, which could lead to anything from fewer students pursuing math and science careers to less public interest in financial markets" (Sparks 2011,-page 1)
Part 3 - Drugs and Their Side Effects The use of drugs in the care of anxiety patients has been associated with falls. These drugs are mostly anti-psychotics and benzodiazepines and other psychoactive ones that affect patient cognition, balance and motor coordination, pulse and blood pressure (Cooper 1993)
Women, more than men, suffer from anxiety and stress at twice the rate (NIASI). Anxiety is said to be a subjective experience of threat that stimulates a stress response from a person (Frazier 2002)
Anxiety may also be due to a general medical condition, such as endocrinal, cardiovascular, respiratory or metabolic; some substances, such as drugs or toxins; or something else that has remained un-diagnosed (NIASI). Part 2 - Nursing Care Plan suitable nursing care plan for anxiety patients in the hospital setting should, first of all, observe standards for the safe, thoroughly planned and effective delivery of that care (Greenwood 1996)
Anxiety Disorders Studies showed that one out of 8 Americans between the ages of 18 and 54, or more than 19 million Americans, suffer from some form of anxiety disorder (National Institute of Anxiety and Stress, Inc
However, a randomized placebo-controlled study of antidepressants approved by the Food and Drug Administration study published in the Journal of American Medicine found no difference between a placebo and the antidepressants for patients suffering dysthymia. Cognitive behavioral therapy has also been found to be effective in treating dysthymia, by challenging ingrained thinking patterns such as 'I am not a good person' and 'things always turn out horribly for me' (Fournier, 2010)
CBT challenges patient's maladaptive responses (such as excessive worrying, checking, and obsessing) with confrontational, rationally-based questions and replaces current habits with new patterns of thinking and coping mechanisms to deal with stress. Clients are encouraged to monitor themselves, and when they note "patterns of worrisome thinking, catastrophic imagery, physiological activity, behavioral avoidance, and the external cues that may trigger these responses," they replace them with the "newly learned coping responses" (Newman & Borkovec 1995)
Anxiety "is one of the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders in the general population," and many individuals anecdotally report having sub-clinical phobias. Phobias are the most common of all anxiety disorders, "with up to 49% of people reporting an unreasonably strong fear" and up to 25% with debilitating phobias (Rowney & Hermida 2011: 1)
For example, the relationship between anxiety and arousal to performance is much more complex and depends on the type of task involved as well as individual differences in tolerance for anxiety. Very simple tasks are performed as well or better (depending on the task) at high and medium levels of anxiety, whereas performance on more difficult or complex tasks decreases at high levels of anxiety (Anderson, Revelle, & Lynch, 1989)
Sports psychology researchers attempted to account for the differences in the performances of individuals related to anxiety via several models and theories. These models include multidimensional anxiety theory (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990), catastrophe models (Hardy, 1996), reversal theory (Apter, 1982), and zones of optimal functioning models (Hanin, 1986)
Sports psychology researchers attempted to account for the differences in the performances of individuals related to anxiety via several models and theories. These models include multidimensional anxiety theory (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990), catastrophe models (Hardy, 1996), reversal theory (Apter, 1982), and zones of optimal functioning models (Hanin, 1986)
For current purposes we will define stress in terms of Jones (1990) as a state that results from demands placed on a person that require them to instigate some form of coping behavior. Arousal is a signal (physical, affective, and cognitive) that the person has encountered a state of stress, whereas anxiety occurs when the person doubts their ability to cope with the stressful situation (Hardy, Jones, & Gould, 1996)
For current purposes we will define stress in terms of Jones (1990) as a state that results from demands placed on a person that require them to instigate some form of coping behavior. Arousal is a signal (physical, affective, and cognitive) that the person has encountered a state of stress, whereas anxiety occurs when the person doubts their ability to cope with the stressful situation (Hardy, Jones, & Gould, 1996)
In order to assist in obtaining peak performances by athletes, sport psychologists need to concentrate on the three different factors discussed earlier: stress, arousal, and anxiety. A good deal of research suggests that athletes who interpret their anxiety as being conducive to their performance often have higher scores on measures of self-confidence and lower scores on measures of stress and arousal (Jones, Swain, & Cale, 1996)
Nonetheless, the Yerkes-Dodson law has been very resilient and has been supported by empirical research including much-cited recent studies investigating the effects of glucocorticoid levels and human memory performance. Higher and low levels of glucocorticoids (hormones produced by stress) were associated with decreases in long-term potentiation (the neural process of forming long-term memories) producing a memory performance resembling the inverted U-shaped curve described by Yerkes and Dodson across individuals (Lupien, Maheu, Tu, Fiocco, & Schramek, 2007)
State anxiety is situational in nature and often associated with autonomic nervous system arousal, whereas trait anxiety is more global and represents an individual world view used for more general coping and responding (Spielberger, 1966). Individuals with high trait anxiety will focus on the effects of state anxiety such that when people high in trait anxiety experience state anxiety they often attend to threat-related information, whereas those low in trait anxiety who are state anxious will focus away from such threat-related information (MacLeod, 1990)
Sports psychology researchers attempted to account for the differences in the performances of individuals related to anxiety via several models and theories. These models include multidimensional anxiety theory (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990), catastrophe models (Hardy, 1996), reversal theory (Apter, 1982), and zones of optimal functioning models (Hanin, 1986)
¶ … manage the effects of pressure and anxiety is an essential component of successful sports competition, but many athletes have difficulty with this. For instance, previous research investigating why Olympic athletes seek the assistance of a sports psychologist reported that the majority of such consultations were related to stress or performance anxiety issues (Murphy, 1988)
The relationship between anxiety as a state and as a trait is also important. State anxiety is situational in nature and often associated with autonomic nervous system arousal, whereas trait anxiety is more global and represents an individual world view used for more general coping and responding (Spielberger, 1966)