(1997) investigated the outcomes of adults with generalized anxiety disorder in either self-examination therapy or delayed treatment. "Analyses indicated that participants in self-examination therapy had significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety than did participants in the delayed-treatment group on the outcome measures of this study, which included ratings by trained clinicians and participants" (Bowman et al
Dia (2001) noted that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is now a respected and proven model of psychotherapy, as noted by a t ask force of the American Psychological Association. In its review, the APA found that CBT "was efficacious for depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, substance abuse and dependence, agoraphobia, and panic disorder" (Dia 2001)
They wondered what exactly should be the role of advocacy in that regard vis-a-vis the counseling professions. They were at pains to mention that pharmaceutical companies command a great deal of economic power, a possible prescription for abuse in a "society that overvalues the medical model" (Ingersoll et al
(1992) found that spider-fearful children were significantly slower to color-name spider-related vs. neutral words while nonfearful children showed no impairment" (Kendall and Flannery-Schroeder 2003)
In other words, it would seem to be possibly highly useful in generalized anxiety disorder treatment, which has elements of depression. They are careful to point out to counselors, however, that "misuse of spirituality/religion to harshly manipulate is linked with mental health harm " (Larson & Larson 2003)
The medications were prescribed according to each patient's needs; no single medication was used by all. Among the medications were: Antihistamines such as Vistaril ™ and Atarax ™ especially for those who hyperventilated (Schmetzer 2003)
According to Geyer (2001), psychology "provides a framework for understanding when and how things become less than normal for individuals and providing suggestions or solutions in that context." (Geyer, 1) One weakness of psychological treatment is that it may be incapable of penetrating some of the core chemical predispositions discussed in the Biological Mechanisms section above
and, it made me think about the lack of acknowledgment of anxiety disorders in geriatric patients. This is especially disturbing when one considers that the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression has been show to represent more severe and chronic psychopathology (Holwerda et al
This very brief synopsis gives the reader an extremely abbreviated overview of what is included in the report, without going into any significant level of detail. This abstract merely tells readers that by utilizing 112 participants in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, over the age of 55, and a 6-year follow up study, it was discovered that patients highly neurotic had a greater risk of anxiety, despite referral efforts (Schuurman et al
Such finding will probably also lay the foundation of individualized medicine in the future. Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children Anxiety disorders in children represent one of the most common psychiatric problems among this age group, with a prevalence rate of around 15% (Breinholst, Esbjorn, Reinholdt-Dunne, & Stallard, 2012)
Pediatric Speech and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Recent Advances in Pediatric Speech Disorders and Anxiety Pediatric Speech Disorders Children suffering from childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) have problems controlling the muscular movements required to produce speech (Worthey et al
"Children with separation-related concerns also often present with somatic complaints, most commonly headaches, stomachaches, and nausea." (Altman & Sommer, 2009) In extreme cases children experience frequent visits to the pediatrician or to the school nurse and can have trouble attending school normally
However, "children with separation anxiety disorder experience anxiety beyond the normal developmental period." (Blair Simpson, Neria, & Lewis-Fernandez, 2010, p
Data were collected from the Separation Anxiety Symptoms Scale and a questionnaire." (Ceyhan, 2006) Ceyhan's studies determined that young females are more predisposed to suffering from separation anxiety disorder when compared to young males
"When a child with SAD expects to be separated from his or her caretaker or when separation has just occurred, the child displays significant subjective distress." (Dia, 2001) The prevalence of separation anxiety disorder is believed to be around four percent in young children and adolescents
One of the most popular therapeutic treatments for SAD is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Cognitive Behavioral model is an amalgamation of three major psychology disciplines: behavior therapy, cognitive therapy and social psychology (Cooper & Lesser, 2008)
This transition is designed not only to effect thought patterns but behaviors as well. As is stated by its originator, Albert Ellis, "unlike many counseling methods, REBT is both postmodern and active-directive" (Ellis, 2000, p
Most of these medications target a single protein in the brain known as the serotonin (5-HT) transporter. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work to inhibit 5-HT reuptake, and can significantly affect the brain, and subsequently, emotions and behaviors (Puig et al
Treatments focus upon helping the individual to identify and understand the irrationality of their anxiety, and to assist them in facing up to their fears. Anxiety Anxiety is, "one of the main motivating forces in much of human behavior" (Beck & Emery, 1985, p
Although these reactions are appropriate when faced with incidents of threat or danger, if this level of anxiety continues after the threat has been removed, or if no real threat exists, these physical and psychological symptoms can lead to the development of anxiety disorders. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are described as," various combinations of physical and mental manifestations of anxiety, not attributable to real danger, and occurring either in attacks or as a persisting state" (Sainsbury, 1980, p