There has long been debate about whether sexual deviancy, including pedophilia, is a mental condition that might be considered an impulse control disorder or whether it is a learned behavior that has its roots in other factors. Sexual practices are linked with kinship patterns and power structures within a society and influenced by such factors as age, social status, religious practice and educational status (Bhugra and McMullen, 2010, p
Paraphila The ancient philosopher Plato claimed that all immoral behavior was the result of some disorder in the soul (Gert and Culver, 2009, p
Treatment of the paraphilias began in the late nineteenth century, around the time sexual deviance was first thought of as a medical condition. The initial treatment approach was surgical castration (Gordon, 2008, p
79). Pedophilia is a clinical diagnosis usually made by a psychologist or psychiatrist (Hall and Hall, 2007, p
163) are critical of the "one-size-fits all" treatment programs that are guided by "excessively detailed treatment manuals… research-funding agencies and by the administrators of institutional services that provide treatment in several settings." A number of recent studies by Marshall and others demonstrate that a therapist's demeanor, including empathy, warmth, directiveness, and encouragement "is predictive of the clients' attainment of the goals of sexual offender treatment" (Marshall and Marshall, p
Maat made it possible for the world to evolve and for people to be able to get actively involved in the social order. The world previously stood in a condition of chaos and is still dominated by this respective chaos, with Maat being the main element distinguishing between chaos and order (Allen & Manuelian 2005, p
"Time -- or more precisely put -- the continuity of reality had its origin in the cyclical uniting of neheh and djet, "virtuality" and resultativity." (Assman 2001, p
"When Atum is combined with Ra (the creative force), the resultant is Ra-Atum, representing the manifestation of the creative force." (Gadalla 2001, p
"Looking at the sky without telescopes, the Egyptians saw only an undifferentiated amount of blue by day, or black by night -- the same qualities visible in the river Nile." (Silverman 2003, p
). "Interest in the classical past never totally disappeared in the Middle Ages but the 15th century saw the emergence of a different attitude to it in Europe: growing admiration for ancient texts and antiquities was reflected in…the commissioning of art which demonstrated their knowledge of the art of Greece and Rome," (Castelijn, 2012)
The arts of the Renaissance borrowed heavily from classical antiquity, as can be seen in Renaissance icons such as Michelangelo's David. Some suggest that medieval art pays homage to classical antiquity, even if the quotations from classical Greek and Rome are not as obvious as they would be in the Renaissance ("Classical Antiquity in the Middle Ages," n
Much of the art produced in ancient Greece idealized the human form, making it the first time in Europe that conscientious analysis of anatomy, physiology, and form was executed in sculpture. The Charioteer of Delphi is a bronze sculpture that many art historians believe marked the transition from earlier, less sophisticated renditions of human bodies and movement, toward a more fully realized understanding of physics and physiology ("Greek Art," n
David's paintings hearken to a purer invocation of the classical arts of Greek and Roman antiquity, which is why David is considered to have heralded the Neoclassical movement. "His cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo frivolity toward a classical austerity and severity, chiming with the moral climate of the final years of the ancien regime," ("Jacques-Louis David: The Complete Works," n
The flowering and rebirth of passionate creative expression that was the Renaissance soon faded. "After the Renaissance -- a period of exploration and expansiveness -- came a reaction in the direction of order and restraint," ("Neoclassicism," 2000)
The flowering and rebirth of passionate creative expression that was the Renaissance soon faded. "After the Renaissance -- a period of exploration and expansiveness -- came a reaction in the direction of order and restraint," ("Neoclassicism," 2000)
If a girl had an educated father, she could learn from him, however it was very rare that what she learned from her father would enable her to become equivalent to a man. (Brown) There was a tradition in ancient China where foot bindings would take place
This reinforced their popular belief that women were in fact lower to in status than men. (Buckley) The life of ancient Chinese women was very different from the life of Chinese women today
The birth of a son was preferred over the birth of a daughter and was considered an excuse for celebrations. (Falkenhausen) In ancient China, marriages were usually arranged
The Chinese society has evolved tremendously over the course of years. (Harold, 2009) References: Brown, M
Confucius emphasized that it was not at all acceptable in the Chinese society that women have ambitions and they were not to be permitted to leave their homes. (Huang, 1997) According to Confucius a woman's greatest duty was to bear and raise a son