The traditional equilibrium migration theory is also challenged by other experts who are that there is evidence of several migrations from South America to North America, concluded from tracing the movements of parasites in and around animal fossils from South to North (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1170). Other experts who agree with the multi-migration theory believe that diversity in phylogenetics of these species is traceable to different diversification patterns and different migrations (Davies and Buckley 2415)
However, other experts believe that the greater survival rate of Nearctic animals in South America was due to a greater number of migrations from North to South (Perini, Russo and Schrago 657), rather than to genetic superiority or outright size. This belief in several Northern-to-Southern migrations at different times is supported by the discovery of 2 new fossils of procyonids in Venezuela, outside and north of Argentina, which are similar to Procyonid fossils found in the southern part of South America (Forasiepi, Soibelzon and Suarez Gomez)
The controversies appear to involve the question of multiple migrations only from North to South, multiple migrations from both directions, additional migrations from other avenues such as water, and ultimately the reasons for the Northern or Nearctic species' apparently greater success after migrating to South America. The prevailing traditional belief is that the migrations North and South were basically even, according to an equilibrium theory (Jablonski
Important Results from recent primary literature articles and how they shape our current understanding of the topic The Great American Interchange was the migration of North American (Nearctic) species to South America and South American (Neotropic) species to North America due to the rise of the natural Panama land bridge between North America and South America 3 -- 4 million years ago during the Pleistocene Period (Smith and Klicka 334). The Great American Interchange resulted in a Great American Biotic Interchange, resulted in the evolutionary diversity of several species, both the North and South Americas, with different origins and different evolutionary paths (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1167)
The Great American Interchange resulted in a Great American Biotic Interchange, resulted in the evolutionary diversity of several species, both the North and South Americas, with different origins and different evolutionary paths (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1167). The Nearctic species that migrated to South America were more successful in evolving and surviving than were the Neotropic species, as evidenced by fossil finds in North America, Central America and South America (MacFadden 162)
The prevailing traditional belief is that the migrations North and South were basically even, according to an equilibrium theory (Jablonski and Sepkoski 1367), and that Northern animals succeeded in their new Southern geographic area better than Southern animals succeeded in their new Northern geographic area for 2 reasons: because they were used to more vigorous evolutionary competition over a larger land mass from prior Eurasian migrations; and because they were better able to adjust to the South American climate (Jablonski and Sepkoski 1367). However, other experts believe that the greater survival rate of Nearctic animals in South America was due to a greater number of migrations from North to South (Perini, Russo and Schrago 657), rather than to genetic superiority or outright size
Body: How the Great American Interchange Affected Animal Evolution a. Important Results from recent primary literature articles and how they shape our current understanding of the topic The Great American Interchange was the migration of North American (Nearctic) species to South America and South American (Neotropic) species to North America due to the rise of the natural Panama land bridge between North America and South America 3 -- 4 million years ago during the Pleistocene Period (Smith and Klicka 334)
Ho and his associates skillfully used Vietnamese nationalism and even xenophobia over their old and new enemies (China, France, the United States) to mobilize the masses, while American leaders thought Vietnamese Communists could be controlled by the Chinese. Americans thought that North Vietnamese leaders were Soviet puppets, but the Vietnamese skillfully used Soviet-American rivalry for their own advantage (Moss, 2010, p
They discuss the role that social learning theory plays in the acquisition of these societal norms and how different individuals assimilate societal norms at different rates. They believe that the social learning of a nation's norms can be broken down into three states: exposure, comprehension, and absorption / acceptance (Chong et al
Once this happens, is when the reader will have a greater understanding as to how this influencing their lives and the decisions that they will make. (Frost) Evidence of this can be seen with the passage from the play which says, "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood
This helps to give the reader a greater sense of understanding the different ideas and what is most important inside specific regions. (Miller 103 -- 112) Evidence of this can be seen with observations from Moss (1992)
These elements are illustrating the differences in American literature from one part of the country to the next. (Moss 21 -- 24) Conclusion Clearly, regional influences had a major impact upon American literature
It is at this point that the reader can relate to Southern society and the challenges they are facing (by studying these regional influences). (Tischler 72 -- 98) In the case of The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost is discussing personal choices and a classless society
Over the course of time, this has led to distortions about what is real. (Williams) Evidence of this can be seen in the passage with Big Mama saying, "Now you listen to me, all of you, you listen here
By examining select issues from the seven volumes and four-and-a-half years of the American Jewess' publication, the changing self-perceptions and concerns of Jewish-American women at the close of the nineteenth century can be readily tracked and observed, touching on larger patterns of national change (JWA). Rosa Sonneschein Long before moving to Chicago and divorcing her husband (or rather, allowing him to legally divorce her after a mutually agreed-upon separation), Rosa Sonneschein was already a well-established figure in Jewish and broader intellectual/literary circles (Rothstein par
Large numbers of immigrants settling largely in metropolitan areas -- especially New York City -- rapidly changed the size and needs of many immigrant communities. Although the Jewish community in America was already somewhat established by the final decade of the twentieth century, it saw a forty-percent increase in size with the addition nearly half-a-million new Jewish immigrants arriving between 1890 and the dawn of the twentieth century (Sarna and Golden pars
The urban heat island effect is really a positive temperature irregularity that happens over urban parts that are really relative to the surrounding non-urban places. The air over cities is becoming warmer because of the extreme attentions of paved surface, deep surface (both buildings and ground), and population (Ahrens 2006)
Qing Lu Lin and Robert Bornstein, meteorologists from San Jose State University, have been using data from meteorological stations that were being set up all through the 1996 Summer Olympics and discovered that the urban heat island that was in Atlanta shaped up some frequent thunderstorms (Ahrens). By means of the National Weather Service's ground-based meter to gather statistics (the same tool that is being utilized to predict weather for Olympic athletic events), Lin and Bornstein discovered that five of nine days of rain over Atlanta were produced by the urban heat island effect (Lin and Bornstein 2000)
org/). Yet another study found trees in New York City removed an estimated 1,821 metric tons of air pollution in 1994 (Nowak 1995)
About 20 years from now, this will become an issue because the Human-made modifications of the natural environment are affecting the thermal stratification of the atmosphere that is located above a city and also as the local heat stability and hydrologic series (Spronken-Smith). This will be a big issue 20 years from now because the urban heat island effect is going to cause the warmer air (counting its higher attentions of pollutants and moisture) to start increasing more freely than cooler air over the areas that are non-urban (Oke 1987)