,1993). Rather, relational control seems to evolve and change over the course of the therapy process (Heatherington & Friedlander, 2004; Raymond et al
However, it seems more useful to assume that everyone who attends the session is motivated to achieve something in therapy, although a client's personal goals may differ from and conflict with the goals agreed upon at the onset of therapy (Sharry, 2004). Indeed, adolescents often have goals that differ from those of their parents, which makes alliance formation with this population more challenging but, ironically, more critical to treatment outcome (Liddle, 1995)
In this I will describe the problem I faced during my adolescence and how these problems will impact my practice as a counsellor while dealing with the adolescents. How I will manage the issue as a Counsellor Communication with Adolescents Communication is said to lie "at the heart of our relationships" because "we do not relate and then talk, but we relate in talk" (Rogers & Escudero, 2004, p 3
In this I will describe the problem I faced during my adolescence and how these problems will impact my practice as a counsellor while dealing with the adolescents. How I will manage the issue as a Counsellor Communication with Adolescents Communication is said to lie "at the heart of our relationships" because "we do not relate and then talk, but we relate in talk" (Rogers & Escudero, 2004, p 3
, 2006;Sharry, 2004). Therapists may engage in cajoling and haranguing therapy "visitors" to participate, which can only worsen the situation (Sharry, 2004)
Adolescents are considered "therapy hostages" (Friedlander et al., 2006) when they tend not to be part of the decision to seek therapy; often, adolescents tend to be referred or mandated by the parents or another authority figure (Shelef, 2005; Rubenstein, 2003)
S. Supreme Court required that juvenile courts become more formal -- more like criminal courts" (Bilchik 1999:3)
Bandura's theory of social learning qualifies Jean's path of development throughout adolescence and as she makes the leap into adulthood. Research has proven the role of observational learning in shaping social behavior (Huitt 2004)
95). The intensive attention paid to sexuality and gender roles by young adolescents, especially for young adolescent males, is emphasized by the increasingly common incidents of grade school and middle school aged boys having sexual encounters with their female adult teachers (Angelides, Steven, 2007, p
The stages of adolescence can be viewed in three stages: early adolescence, between the ages of 8 and 13 for girls; 11 to 15 for boys. The second stage, middle adolescence, occurs between the ages of 13 to 16 for girls; 14 to 17 for boys; and the third stage, late adolescence, between the ages of 16 and up for girls, and 17 and up for boys (Brown, Jane D
Gender in Contemporary Society Ancient history has long been a marker for understanding gender roles in contemporary society. Greek and Roman societies which provides invaluable insight into ancient life, culture, and society also provides insight into gender roles and sexuality (Hanson, Victor Davis, 2004, p
3). Their sexual choices are influenced by a number of people in their lives, including parents, peer groups, boyfriends, and even those messages that target them in the advertising media (Rouner, Donna, Slater, Michael D
, information channels, social supports, and material aid) which individuals and communities can draw upon to prevent and/or solve common problems (Bourdieu, 1986; Coleman, 1988; 1990; Putnam, 2000). High stocks of social capital make it possible for individuals and communities to avoid or deal with problems such as drug, tobacco, alcohol use, or sexual and other risk behaviours (Coleman, 1988; 1990) and to overcome other community struggles such as racism, depleted social welfare programs, crime (Portes, 1998; Putnam, 1993), and employment and income inequities (Loury, 1977) (Smylie, Medaglia, and Maticka-Tyndale, p
A situation of that sort compounds the problem. The diseases that are most dangerous and that can afflict our youth today are among the following (Axmaker, L
Also, frequently "just hanging out" with friends has been associated with smoking and substance abuse. Having close friends who drink or smoke also puts youth at a higher risk factor for engaging in those behaviors (Carpenter, 2001)
Risky Behaviors in Adolescents Adolescents engage in a wide variety of risky behaviors in this day in age. Youth engage in activities that put them at risk for serious injury, sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection and chronic disease, such as heart disease and cancer ("Despite improvements," 2004)
Engaging in risky behaviors is a major, and largely preventable, cause of morbidity and premature death, especially among economically disadvantaged youth. Prevention requires a greater understanding of what individual factors and environmental circumstances contribute to risk-taking, and how these factors can be best addressed through effective interventions (O'Donnel, L
. peer influences as a key construct in the etiology and maintenance of adolescents' reckless behavior" (Bradley & Wildman, 2002)
of over 15,000 junior high and high school students found that 8.4% of those surveyed reported being bullied once a week or more during the current semester" (Dill et al
.deviant peer affiliations are likely to make a causal contribution to individual susceptibility to crime and substance abuse, "(Fergusson, Swain-Campbell & Horwood, 2002, p