Constant efforts are being made by the working mothers and wives to achieve the impossible standards of being the best housewives and best at their jobs. These women suffer from anxiety, hopelessness, stress, depression, low self-esteem and guilt due to their constant efforts to be perfect in all the 3 roles of being a wife, worker and a mother and their failure in getting all these roles done perfectly (Allen & Quinn 1989; Burden 1986; Campbell & Moen 1992; Hochschild 1989; 2008; Keel et al
Complementary roles are entailed by the gendered statuses which are present in the family as well like "father" and "mother." It is the role of the father to guide the children morally, give them economic support, to be a positive male model for the children and to make sure they have access to the social networks (Coltrane 2007:452)
It was found by Hochschild that is the homes where both the parents had jobs the women worked approximately 15 hours more as compared to the man each week since she had to do the household chores as well. In light of this statistic, in 1989, an extra month that consisted of 24-hour days was worked by working mother (Hochschild 1989:3)
It was found by Hochschild that is the homes where both the parents had jobs the women worked approximately 15 hours more as compared to the man each week since she had to do the household chores as well. In light of this statistic, in 1989, an extra month that consisted of 24-hour days was worked by working mother (Hochschild 1989:3)
A situation of the "second shift" has been created by the gendered structure of workplace and family in the opinion of the theorists. It was in the beginning of the 20th century that it was written by Marianne Weber that the capability of the women to get economic independence is what the emancipation of women is dependent upon however, it was recognized by her that the primary responsibilities of the women to care for their children and household restricts their ability to be successful like men in the job market (Lengermann and Niebrugge 1998:206)
Work has always been done by the poor women as well as the working class. Social prestige is not offered by the jobs that these women have access to for this reason the traditional roles of the woman in a home are received in a more positive manner by these women as these roles offer them respect and prestige (Looker and Thiessen 1999)
Within this system complete dedication is given by the male ideal to the market while the care of the house as well as the children is the responsibility of the female in house. Financially, this female caregiver is dependent on the male ideal worker's support (Williams 2000:1)
Working mothers often experience work stresses considerably more than working fathers. "Single mothers frequently carry the double burden, resulting in them being even more stress than married working women" (Alexander, Larosa, & Alexander, 2009, p
If a demand is appraised as relevant and stressful then further appraisal takes place. (McGowan, Gardner, & Fletcher, 2006, Antecedents to eustress Section, ¶ 2) Stressful appraisals involve an appraisal of threat or loss
In the article, "Being a busy working mother is good for your health, claims study, Lyndsay Moss (2006), health correspondent, reports that a study reported in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health purports that the practice of "being" a busy working mother is good for the mother. Researchers "found that by the age of 54, women who had partners, were mothers, and had worked, were far less likely to report ill-health than women who didn't fulfill all three roles"(Moss, ¶ 11)
Spirituality "has emerged as a key component of individual psychology. Its relevance to the topic of interrole conflict is suggested by its consistent connection to well-being" (Oates, Hall, & Anderson, ¶ 2)
" Multiple roles may provide "more outlets for one's interests, abilities, values, and self-concept. Closely aligned with this perspective is the role enhancement hypothesis… which emphasizes that multiple roles can be energizing and provide opportunities for meaningful involvement" (Pearson, p
Balancing both family and a career does not just make life easier, of course; there is a great deal of work and responsibility involved in maintaining a level of success and happiness in both areas of life. But research conducted towards the end of the twentieth century, when working mothers had become standard in society and the majority of households had become dependent on two incomes, shows that most women not only rise to the responsibility but actually seem to enjoy the balancing act more than men (Hochschild 2003)
One of the primary arguments against women attempting to have successful careers and be mothers at the same time is the supposed detrimental effects that this will have on their children, but this is largely an outgrowth of the same mentality that suggests a woman's true "place" is in the home. Though on average it does appear as though children who do not have a parent (typically a mother) at home as a full-time caretaker do slightly worse in school, a closer examination of such statistics shows the fallacy of the assumption that children whose mother's do not work outside the home are somehow better prepared for life and more successful academically (Milne et al
This conclusion is born out by earlier research that shows children that come from two-parent households with a working mother actually spend more structured quality time with their children, and that the children have a greater sense of responsibility, without any noticeable detriments. These conclusions were drawn as early as the 1960s, in a study that focused solely on middle-class white families and controlled for economic conditions and other known issues in child success rates and development (Yarrow et al