Rules have been tightened regarding when police can make a legitimate traffic stop. The Supreme Court has ruled that the police cannot stop people on a traffic violation when their real goal is to look for signs of criminal activities, such as drug related crimes (Johnson, 1999)
Items found in the car were eventually connected to a crime. According to LaFave (2004), the only issue in such a case is whether the traffic stop was legitimate or not (LaFave, 2004)
The city of Chicago, as part of its efforts to combat gang activity, passed a law allowing police to disperse groups on the street if they included gang members. The United States Supreme Court ruled that this law was unacceptably vague and ruled it unconstitutional (Rosenthal, 2000)
Drafted in 1215 in response to abuses of power by King John, the original Magna Carta was known first as the 'Article of the Barons'. Following years of abuses of power by King John, the barons overtook London in June of 1215, forcing King John to sign the article, which consisted of 63 articles designed to limit the powers of the King (Holt, 25)
These writs, like those in England, were broad in nature, allowing for searches of shops, homes, ships, and warehouses at will. Further, these writs, once issued, could be reused, and did not expire until the death of the reigning monarch (Knappman, 33)
To understand the current interpretation of the law of search and seizure, one must first examine the history of such concepts. As mentioned, the protection of property is not a new idea, but one that has prevailed since ancient times, where the home was considered a place of privacy, shelter, and protection (Lasson, 13)
United States in 1952. In both cases, the obtaining of electronic evidence was not found to be unreasonable search and seizure, since the information was obtained without an intrusion on a "constitutionally protected area" such as a home (Lively, 282)
However, these writs and warrants gave these officials immunity and allowed them to search any private property without fear of retribution. These writs and warrants did not specify places, persons, or things to be searched, but were general warrants to allow for any search or seizure (McWhirter, 1)
From there, the evidence can be packed and transported. Challenges There is a heated debate, both in the public and within the legal systems, about the presentation and use of digital evidence (Boddington, 2015)
Gathering Evidence Computer evidence is similar to most other kinds of evidence in several ways. Computer evidence is not that different from the evidence to be collected from a car impounded after a car-chase or the scene of crime in a murder case, in the sense that just like any other form of evidence, it ought to have been legally obtained, if it is to be admitted in court (Oppenheimer, n