, 2011; Lammers & Badia, 2005). A case study design is useful when the research is intended to answer how and why questions, yet the behavior of the sample being studied cannot be manipulated by the researcher (Baxter & Jack, 2008)
• Multiple case study design. Potential Research Method The correlational ex-post facto research design is useful when it is impossible, impractical, expensive, or unethical to conduct an experiment, particularly because it is not possible to control and manipulate the variables necessary to study cause-and-effect relationships directly (Cohen, et al
Within social science, stories are studied by anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and educators. (Polkinghorne, 2007,-Page 1) Stories, by the definition asserted above, are implicit to the approach and perspective of methodology in qualitative social science research
Internal validity of any research design refers to the design's ability to make causal inferences from the data collected and the results of the study (Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002)
The wrong use of sampling and weighting can entirely weaken the exactness, strength, and projectability of a quantitative research study. (Fitzgerald, 2000) Qualitative Research: Quantitative research reasserts the truism bigger is better when it comes to dealing with large sample size
Nosocomial infections are dangerous because they are often antibiotic-resistant. Patients tend to be susceptible to such infections when they have broken skin or have injuries with exposed mucous membranes (Abedon, 1998)
A sample is random if the method for obtaining the sample meets the criterion of randomness (each element having an equal chance at each draw). The actual composition of the sample itself does not determine whether or not it was a random sample" (Lane, 2007)
There are a variety of ways of conducting quantitative research. One of the most effective is the use of random samplings, often regarded as the most 'pure and statistically correct' and usually the most costly method of selection (Mori 2008)
On page 609, the author begins and continues on subsequent pages explaining mediator effects. What are mediating variables? What is an analysis using mediating variables? In a given research study, a mediating variable is a factor that is presumed to form or act as an intervening link between two or more variables that have been determined to be causally connected (Baron & Kenney,1986) 5
It would have been better to use the full ANOVA and ANCOVA since its interpretation is easier. The best alternative however s non-parametric ANCOVA and adjusting for differences in age and sex (Koch & Tangen,1999)
Research design also drives the choices of methodology and methods." (2005) Naslund additionally relates that choosing the research methodology appropriate for a study is affected by several factors which include the following: (1) the format of the research questions including "what," "how," "who," "why,," each of which requires different research designs to adequately answer them (Yin 1994; as cited in Naslund, 2005); (2) the nature of the phenomenon under study, i
, his/her understanding of the nature of social reality and how knowledge of that reality can be gained. (Naslund, 2005) Naslund (2005) states that qualitative research methods "primarily create meanings and explanations to research phenomena" and include data collection methods such as: (1) Observation; (2) Fieldwork including interviews and questionnaires, diary methods, documents and texts, case studies; and (3) the researcher's impressions and reactions to observed phenomena
The work of Congdon and Dunham (1999) entitled: 'Defining the Beginning: The Importance of Research Design" states that a research plan consists of two general areas: (1) Research concepts and context; and (2) Research logistics. (Congdon and Dunham, 1999) Success or failure is often determined by how well the research is planned and "how well the steps in the plan are integrated
e., contemporary or historical issues (Eisenhardt 1989; in Naslund, 2005); (3) the extent of control required over behavioral events in the research context (Yin 1994; as cited in Naslund, 2005); and (4) the researcher's philosophical stance, i
The issue of post-tenure review has sparkled debates for quite some time now with three directions of contentions: one which says that leave the post-tenure review as is, another claiming that review policy should be maintained but make necessary changes, while the last in contention argues that it should be scrapped altogether. Surrounding this contention are the following issues: the need to evaluate faculty performance, the need to update the review processes and make it more relevant, and an adamant take on post-tenure review because of problems with implementation (Licata & Morreale, 2006)
A random sample will be chosen and asked about their backgrounds and attitudes towards post-tenure review. As this design allow for the examination of relationships between certain properties and dispositions (Nachmias & Nachmias, 1996), this design is deemed appropriate for the research objective
112), "the case study method is pertinent when your research addressed either a descriptive question or an explanatory question… you may want to illuminate a particular situation, to get a close understanding of it." The case study methodology as compared to other methods allows for an in-depth examination of a case within its natural or real-life context (Green et al
This research will make use of the multi-site case study methodology. This type of case study involves the use of more than one case and enables cross-case comparisons (Heck, 2004)
The ability of using multiple sources of evidence is often cited as one of the key strengths of the case study methodology. This strength of the case study methodology "allows one to 'triangulate' the data, or arrive at converging sources of information" (Stake, 1999, p
According to Feagin, Orum, and Sjoberg (as cited in Tellis, 1997), the case study methodology is ideal when there is a need for a holistic and in-depth investigation. This methodology is designed to elicit the details from the point-of-view of the participants through the use of multiple sources of data (Tellis, 1997)