Most computer companies bundle Microsoft Windows software and other programs that work in Windows with their computers. Cable television companies often offer bundles of television programming and high-speed Internet access, and telephone companies bundle telephone service and Internet access, too (Anderson, 1997, p
In addition, even staid enterprises such as banks offer bundled services to their depositors. They will bundle checking accounts with debit cards, credit cards, lines of credit, bill payment services, and other incentives to keep depositors using a variety of services (Sherwood, 1994, p
History of Breast Implants and Facelifts Plastic Surgery Techniques Risks and Benefits of Plastic Surgery Women's / Society's Perspectives on Plastic Surgery This paper discusses two most common plastic surgery operations, breast cancer implant and facelift, to demonstrate how plastic surgery is beneficial and should be accepted as a valid form of medicine. History of Breast Implants and Facelift It was in the early 20th century when breast reconstruction started to take place in the field of medicine (Harcourt, Rumsey, 2000)
and, as might also be obvious from this list, or not so obvious, there is a great deal of overlap between surgeries performed for cosmetic reasons and health reasons. For example, a woman with overly large breasts may experience chronic backaches, have difficulty playing her favorite sports, and have problems finding clothing if her chest is disproportionately large in comparison to the rest of her body (Korman, 2007)
Medical advances have also resulted in more than a tendency to live longer. Many cosmetic procedures have become safer and less invasive as a result (Brown)
This does not only apply to surgery, but also to cosmetic non-surgical procedures. Statistics from the American Academy of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) show an increase of 300 per cent in such procedures from 1997 (Williamson), amounting to 8
The issue of whether or not it is morally acceptable for the individual to decide that he or she wants these enhancements and is willing to accept the antecedent risks involved is a personal one but the decision of the medical profession to participate in this process is a much broader one. There is a strong argument to be made that the medical profession in general and plastic surgeons, in particular, have sold out to the pressures of society that favor looking younger, sexier, and more appealing (Berer)
The medical enhancement approach would point out that there is a segment of society that seek plastic surgery as a method of ending feelings of alienation and embarrassment caused by some physical feature but such argument still fails to rise to the level of medical necessity. The potential risks associated with plastic surgery simply do not justify the results and it is time that the medical profession re-examine its role and refashion its position on the use of plastic surgery for purposes beyond medical necessity (Darisi)
It has been discussed for decades and parallels the development of improvements in plastic surgery. Over the past fifty years the specialized field of plastic surgery has grown into a highly respected field that performs wonderful procedures but has also, along the way, created an industry whose focus is directed toward vanity (Haiken)
Patients seeking such treatment have developed an attitude or belief that their appearance must conform to some value or aesthetic norm or else their entire existence is compromised somehow. Few would argue that cosmetic surgery used to alleviate a condition that causes an individual to become the subject of ridicule or to becoming ostracized by society is a proper subject for treatment (Harris)
Plastic surgery is often described by proponents of its use as "medical enhancement" but it should be viewed more properly as whether or not it is medically necessary (Miller)
Whether it is breast augmentation, botox injections, or a face or brow lift, such procedures are entirely elective and serve no other purpose than the enhancement of one's appearance. The question becomes whether or not it is within medicine's purview to pass judgment on the use of such procedures (Sullivan)
The traditional view is that health care professionals should not participate in the process that essentially satisfies fads and fashions and involves significant medical risk without providing any medical benefit. Supporters for cosmetic surgery, however, ask why medicine should not be involved in the process of providing a little bit of pleasure? Why should medicine only concern itself with alleviating pain? Cosmetic surgery, as opposed to other forms of surgery, directs itself toward alleviating concerns that individuals have regarding some form of social attitude or norm that states that a certain part of one's appearance demands alteration (Wolgemuth)
Nevertheless, whilst double eye-lid surgery is commonly associated with Westernization, as it enlarges Asian eyes, many South Korean doctors would fervently refute that this is a Westernizing process, but instead one that wishes to produce a more sophisticated look, and abundant attention is acquired to pick the correct method for a specific type of eye to guarantee that the end product does not appear too Western, and thus abnormal. The significance of looks has a long record in South Korea, which is more entrenched in the environment of conventional philosophical customs and common philosophies (Blum, 2005, p
2038). In this framework, two contrarily gendered types of cosmetic surgery have become popular in Korea, namely; kyorhon songhyong (literally 'marriage cosmetic surgery') and chig'op songhyong ('employment cosmetic surgery') (Cullen, 2002, p
Current investigation on South Korean plastic surgery characteristically structures it as being a female matter, and localizes it within women's want to adapt to male control organizations in order to increase their probabilities to thriving within such a system. Some researchers contend that women's wish to employ cosmetic surgery is an extension of the customary, pre-modern 'virtuous femininity' discourse that required upper class women to adhere to a strict Neo-Confucian decorum (Epstein, 2007, p
Though there is a deficiency in dependable data regarding the amounts of individuals who select to endure cosmetic surgery in South Korea, the statistics are substantial. The estimations range from 15 to 30% of all South Koreans have endured some method of plastic surgery, the statistics pertaining to certain age groups of females being characteristically greater (Kim, 2010, p
Though there is a deficiency in dependable data regarding the amounts of individuals who select to endure cosmetic surgery in South Korea, the statistics are substantial. The estimations range from 15 to 30% of all South Koreans have endured some method of plastic surgery, the statistics pertaining to certain age groups of females being characteristically greater (Kim, 2010, p
The proper face is also progressively a decisive issue in attainment of work in a progressively aggressive work market, in a nation where approximately eighty percent of young individuals currently go to college. Countless persons identify plastic surgery as a logical issue, as the right face, pooled with the proper education and cognitive abilities can become ones ticket to an interview, which can be the difference between achievement and disappointment when it comes to finding a job (Millman, 1980, p
Choices to endure plastic surgery are thus motivated by the requirement to not only follow aesthetic standards, but also to restructure unfavourable facial features to something more favourable to behold. (Partridge, 1996, p