That is simply a function of the fact that if Mrs. Burgone is permitted to purchase an organ despite her much lower chance of survival and her shorter expected life afterwards, it would necessarily be directly at the expense of another potential organ recipient who might have otherwise received that particular transplant organ (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009; Munson, 2012)
Moreover, the ethical justification purported to be at the heart of the decision is logically flawed and ethically untenable. Consistency with the Notion of Equal Access to Medical Care The notion of equal access to healthcare justifies many types of decisions that may, unfortunately, lead to undesirable outcomes in individual cases (Tong, 2007)
In this particular case, there is no legitimate issue of financial concerns since the patient can afford to pay for the surgery. For the sake of argument, assume that also includes the costs of lifelong follow-up care which usually exceeds the substantial costs of the initial transplant surgery itself (Victory, 2006)
There is considerable debate about whether psychosocial factors, other than extreme noncompliance, should ever be considered as absolute exclusion criteria…Although it has been argued that transplant evaluations require assessment of psychiatric, psychological, and social factors a great deal of variation exists among transplant programs in the methods and criteria for psychological assessment of candidates; few use formal, written psychosocial criteria for selection…With substance-abusing patients, collateral information about history, current usage, and corroborated reports of abstinence serve to clarify the nature and extent of the addiction and allow the team to intervene with strategies for treatment or relapse prevention. (Olbrisch, et al
There is some recent research that argues that "there is no reason to exclude prior substance abusers from transplantation because their outcomes were similar to those who did not have any strong history of substance abuse," said co-investigator Nicole Sifontis, PharmD, Clinical Associate Professor at the Temple University School of Pharmacy in Philadelphia. (Schieszer, 2010) at the same time though, Some programs may require patients to enter rehab before they get transplanted
However, there have been many who have discredited the idea of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism states that the thing that achieves the most happiness for everyone involved is the thing that is the right choice from a moral standpoint (Brody, 1988; Shaw, 2014)
However, there is more to the issue than that. Those who argue under utilitarian principles often fail to take into account the reasons behind why people make their choices (Epstein, 2009)
Instead, those who believe that organs should not be sold for transplantation believe in a more Kantian approach. Kant believed that it was not necessary to know anything about the results of a particular choice in order to know that choice was not moral (Shaw, 2014)
Those who argue under utilitarian principles often fail to take into account the reasons behind why people make their choices (Epstein, 2009). In other words, they focus only on the happiness they perceive people to have, but they do not focus on the issues that that alleged happiness may also create (Veatch, 1988)
Organ transplantation has been regarded as one of the greatest medical fetes of the century since it provides an effective way of extracting organs from the deceased or living donors to the patients suffering from the terminal failure of their vital organs (Abuona,2003,p
The consequence has been a long waiting list as well as death within the waiting period. These events coupled with the resulting acts such as transplant tourism, illegal harvesting of organs from the poor, race as well as class inequities (Stein,2004,p
He notes that researchers will continue to work on artificial hearts, making ethical questions timely and important. Critics argue that "prolonging death is no triumph" (Ehrenman, 2003)
Clark suffered multiple complications, both involving his own body and the functionality of the Jarvik-7 mechanical heart, and after 112 days of extraordinary efforts to keep Clark alive, his heart was turned off on March 23, 1983, and he died. When he died, the Jarvik-7 heart had beaten 12,912,499 times (Pence, DATE)
That was the same year Clark was operated on. The newer artificial hearts weigh about 2 pounds and are completely contained within the human body, eliminating tubes and the ongoing risk of infection they represent (Simmons, 2001)
His perspective of the utilitarian philosophy is important in allowing free will and individual decision making and self nurtured good behavior. He does not believe in people being forced to do good by the state, a stand that advocates for responsible living (John Stuart Mill, 1863)
The organ shall instead be given to the individual on the waiting list created by the controlling body for organ procurement. This situation, however, differs with living organ donation, whereby the donor has the right to decide who should be the recipient of his/her organs (Bramstedt, Florman & Miller, 2005)
He obtains an analogy with charity trustees and claims that they are required to address and deal with the trust resources according to the terms of the trust as drafted by the settler. They are naturally a conditional gift for which the transplanters are legally considered as 'trustees' or 'custodians' (Cronin & Price, 2008)
The conventional rule has nonetheless been that the human body is not property. In common law, it is properly-established that corpse cannot be a property (Hilhorst, 2005)