29) Professional care is stated to refer "to the learned and practice care by nurses prepared in schools of nursing and used largely in clinical professional contexts." (Leininger, p
¶ … Nursing: Nursing Theorist Madeleine Leininger and Imogene King The objective of this study is to compare the nursing of nursing theorist Madeleine Leininger and Imogene King and to address how pain is perceived by the patient and how it is addressed by the nurse. Nursing theorists have defined their theoretical frameworks though their experiences that are "personal, socioeconomic, political, spiritual and educational…" (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003, p
A client system includes the patient and also the patient's support system, such as family members. This idea is a more specific formulation of nursing than earlier nursing theories, such as Virginia Henderson's, which simply defined nursing as "doing things for patients that they would do for themselves if they could, that is if they were physically able or had the required knowledge" (Skelley 2006)
Therefore, the development of science occurs within the context of paradigms." (McKenna, 1997) Parse held that nursing science has historically been known to develop and continues the course of development "within two almost contradictory paradigms: (1) the totality paradigm; and (2) the simultaneity paradigm
The three principles as stated by Rosemary Parse are as follows: (1) Meaning: (a) Man's reality is given meaning through lived experiences; and (b) Man and environment cocreate; (2) Rhythmicity: (a) Man and environment cocreate (imaging, valuing, language in) in rhythmical patterns; (3) Contranscendence: (a) reference to a reaching beyond the limits set by a person; and (b) One is constantly undergoing transformation. (Hagopian, 2001) Parse's 'Human Becoming' Theory holds that the 'person' is an 'open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts' and that the environment is' everything in the person and his experiences' and is 'inseparable, complimentary to and evolving with
" which was a synthesis of concepts and principles from the work of Roger (18970, 1984) as well as "concepts and tenets from existential phenomenology." (Hickman, Rosemary Parse's theory on 'Human Becoming' holds that man is the combination of psychological, biological, sociological and spiritual factors in what is a 'totality paradigm' and that man is a unitary being in an ongoing interaction that is one of mutuality with the environment in what is called a 'simultaneity paradigm'
According to Horkheimer, critical theory was a method for protecting people from false consciousness, which could prevent them from identifying their true interests. Therefore, critical theory, from its inception, has been interested in liberating man from all forms of domination, which might be perpetuated by the false ideology that is disseminated by the ruling class (Kim & Holter, 1995)
Critical theory has expanded from the original insights made by Horkheimer to include the writings of influential social theorists such as, "…Habermas and Freire, and other figures, belonging to feminist, grassroots and emancipatory movements. (Weaver, 2006: p
"These transformations occur as a web of connectedness in relationships within the self and with the environment, including other humans and/or an "ultimate other" Change is partially unpredictable, but is also influenced by inherent order of the universe, history, pattern and choice." (Leddy, 2006, p
This knowledge will help the nurse to identify the exact source of difficulty and it will provide a base for the nursing diagnosis. (Marriner-Tomey; Alligood, 2006) After proper interpretation of patient's actions and the process recordings, the nurse would be in a position to intervene a better plan of care and assistance for the patient
Most of the nursing theorist realizes the importance of interpersonal dimensioning of the nurses and they believe that there need to be some form of personal interaction between the nurses and patients so that the patient may recover faster. (O'Brien, 2009) In general, a proper nurse needs to be able to assess the patient's ability to engage in activities of daily living and to assist the patient whenever and in whatever manner it is required
("Riehl, Sisca, Joan," 2010) The process of learning and assessing the 'self-concept' of the patient and helping the patient through the knowledge of his concept regarding various familial and social set ups and corresponding roles to be accepted by the nurse and the family members is known as the conceptual models of nursing practices. (Walker; Neuman, 1996) In the book 'Nursing Theorists and Their Works', Marriner and Tommy describes the Self-concept module of nursing proposed by Riehl Cisca Joan by suggesting that a nurse must assess the actions by the individual patient and she should try to view those actions in appropriate way as the patient perceives them
(O'Brien, 2009) Inter-linkages: The complex and dynamic inter-linkages between organizations, institutions, division of labor and network of interdependency helped Riehl to derive that the assessment of patient's behavior is a complex and dynamic process and it necessitates the uses of several resources so that the nurse may meet all the requirements of the patient. (Wood, 2001) While nursing and treating a patient, I would assess his behavior patterns regarding various issues that may cause anger, affection, relief or frustration in the patient