Teaching positions are often treated as a form of employment of last resort, very often in compensation for some type of political favor." (Corrales, 1999) Corrales states four hypotheses about strategies and institutional settings which include: (1) type and style of reform; (2) political strategies to bolster the supply of reform; (3) political strategies to bolster the demand for reform; and (4) institutional features that magnify or diminish the power of veto groups
Most notably are the structural barriers in urban schools which are stated to demonstrate "chronic patterns of academic underperformance, leading to dropout rates of 30% and higher." (Farrington, 2006) the problem is that the "traditional structure of achievement
" (1998) Memes are defined specifically as "an information pattern, held in an individual's memory, which is capable of being copied to another individual's memory." (Heylighen, 2001) Memetics is defined as: "the theoretical and empirical science that studies the spread and evolution of memes
I heard one student whisper, 'Look, there's a colored man on the cover.'" (Kozol, 2003, in Whitson, 2006) Kozol relates that the following day he was fired for "curriculum deviation
I heard one student whisper, 'Look, there's a colored man on the cover.'" (Kozol, 2003, in Whitson, 2006) Kozol relates that the following day he was fired for "curriculum deviation
it's school." (Piotrowski, 2003) This example corporate influence on education is stated along with another story reported in 'The School Administrator' published by the American Association of School Administrators that relates that Dental policy evaluating dentists rating them as Excellent, Good, Average, below Average and Unsatisfactory are conducted by counting all the cavities each patient has and then averaging however, this is not accurate since some dentists in poorer areas will be rated poorly based upon other factors that are beyond their control
sold out crowd at the Kimball Theatre." (Whitson, 2006) Whitson relates of Kozol's speech at the Kimball Theatre that: "Kozol, who became an educational activist more than 40 years ago when he was fired from an inner-city Boston school for reading to his students a poem by black author Langston Hughes, said he sees the same students as he travels to some of the poorest school divisions in the country