The stated goal of palliative sedation is "to alleviate suffering, not shorten life." (Eldridge, 2009) According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality "In patients with lung cancer who have pain unresponsive to standard methods of pain control, referral to a specialized pain clinic or palliative care consultant is recommended
When this effort isn't enough, palliative sedation may be an option. " (Morrow, 2009, p
Palliative Care The work of McNeil (2010) reports a new study that emphasizes the impact of end-of-life care in which doctors found that patients "with terminal lung cancer who began receiving palliative care immediately upon diagnosis not only were happier, more mobile and in less pain as the end neared -- but they also lived nearly three months longer." (McNeil, 2010, p
(NANDA, 2008, p. 301) Short-term goal / patient expresses concern regarding spiritual distress Long-term goal / patient expresses coping skills to manage spiritual distress through traditional or alternative means (Beder, 2004, p
Stage 4 Lung Cancer Current Lung Cancer Stats Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, for both men and women and the statistics for women have been increasing steadily since 1987, to surpass breast cancer as the leading cancer death. (Brown, 1999, p
" (2007) Moreover, "Women, ethnic minorities, and Medicaid and uninsured patients are less likely to receive appropriate cessation services, even though such services are effective among these groups." (Blumenthal, 2007) Barriers to provision of smoking cessation services have been identified by physicians to include "
The phone survey of hospital switchboards show that 47% had a smoking cessation program available via phone inquiry, while 53% did not." (Denny et al
As a matter of fact, 87% of all lung, bronchial and tracheal cancer is attributed to smoking." (Humphrey, Teutsch, and Johnson, 2007) p
This was found to be the major cause of increase in cases of lung cancer. (Witschi, 2001) TRANSMISSION Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of developing lung cancer
This progressive increase in the whole tumor cell proliferation is called cancer. As the tumor progresses, the daughter cells are in differentiable making more genetic changes (Bach, 2011)
Lung cancer often causes formation of fluids which accumulate inside the lung (s) or space around it. Tumors literally drives the inhaled air out of the lungs which the collapses the lung (atelectasis) (Cleeland, 2007)
Lung cancer can be treated regardless of the size, locality and area coverage of the tumor cells. However, the long-term outcome is not very favorable when the state is of advanced cancer (Holdstock, 2010)
While diagnosing cancer, lung cancer is approximately 13% of the total diagnosed cancers. Deaths due to lung cancer are 29% (Jemal, 2011)
Doctors have been unable to predict the life of patient with lung cancer. What matters is that it is possible to treat this cancer regardless of its stage, and it has been shown that different treatment methods assists people have a quality and longer life (Youlden, Cramb, Baade, 2008)
It is a type of a dementia that can be described as the "progressive deterioration of thinking abilities severe enough to interfere with social, occupational and intellectual functions that causes severe and permanent loss of intellectual function." Thus, in the same connectiom, the patients having Alzheimer's start to become forgetful and then step forward to have an irretrievable memory (even including their family memories) and other well-learned skills acquired by them in their early lives (Nowotny, Kwon & Goate, 2001)
It is the Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer for all human beings as it is due to lung cancer that more people die each year as compared to other cancers that occur in breast, colon, and prostate. The older adults are more likely to have lung cancer and rarely affect people who are less than 45 (Roth, Hong & Cox, 2008)
It has been found out that European-Americans are less likely to have lung cancer as compared to African-Americans who are more likely to have lung cancer ("lung cancer," 2012). Lung cancer is every so often given the name of bronchiogenic cancer or bronchiogenic carcinoma (Suliman, Qureshi & Akhter, 2009)
Current estimates suggest that lung cancer risk increases 8 to 11% for every 100 Bq•m-3 increase in indoor ionizing radiation levels (Samet, 2011, p. 4), accounting for 12 to 14% of all lung cancer cases diagnosed each year (Bissett and McLaughlin, 2010, p
584). The three types of NSCLC are squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, with the first two types representing 80% of all lung cancer cases (Brennan, Hainaut, and Boffetta, 2011)
Lung Cancer Risk Factors Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, accounting for 12.7% of all new cancers cases annually (McErlean and Ginsberg, 2011, p