There can also be found red eyes, external as well as internal bleeding, constant hiccups and other such symptoms. There however lies a mystery as to how some patients fight back and recover from Ebola HF while the condition for others deteriorate to an extent that they are unable to survive and eventually die (Geisbert et al
These are known as the Ebola Sudan, Ebola Zaire, Ebola Coast and Ebola Bundibugyo. The last one which is known as Ebola Reston is also a subtype but by far it has not been found in the humans and has only affected the non-human primates (Mahy & Peters, 1996)
A test is usually conducted which is linked to the enzymes and is captured by the antigen. The reaction of this polymerase (PCR) and the isolation from the virus may prove to be helpful in the process of diagnosis within few days of the detection (Murphy et al
The Hot Zone" covers the first known case of the Ebola Virus, then known as the Marburg Virus, and follows it from its origins in Africa to an outbreak in the United States in 1989 through 1990. Author Preston notes, "The first know emergence of Ebola Zaire - the hottest type of Ebola virus - occurred in September 1976, when it erupted simultaneously in fifty-five villages near the headwaters of the Ebola River" (Preston 62)
Due to the risk of clinical transmission of the Ebola virus through the health care workers, doctors and nurses, it is essential that everyone working at the health care institutions for Ebola to wear infection protective gear that conforms with published protocols. All the articles that are used by the patient in isolation are potentially hazardous infection material and need to be either sterilized or disposed of very carefully (Alton)
Such an occurrence is referred to as a spill over event. Such first human infection can happen when humans come in close contact with infected animals and come in contact with infected body fluids of the animals (Anker and Andraghetti)
The outcome of the infection is critically dependent on the immune response and ability in the host body. The virus causes pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins (ILs) such as IL-2, IL- 6, IL-8, and IL-10; interferon inducible protein; and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?) to become active which increases the severity of the disease in a patient (Bueche)
This can be done through the central venous catheter so that corrected fluids, electrolytes and acid base. The Emerging Treatments The latest Ebola outbreak in 2014 in the Western African countries has shown that there is great need for the scientists and doctors to find out new methods and ways of treatment and prevention (Butler)
Needles and syringes that have been used to treat Ebola patients too need to be cleaned and disposed of in a proper fashion so that there are no traces of body fluids of infected patients (Focosi and Maggi). If the instruments are also not adequately sterilized or disposed of then there are chances that the virus can spread to other humans or animals which can then spread the virus outside and continue and increase the spread of an outbreak (Chowell and Viboud)
Therefore preferably disposable and dedicated medical equipment needs to be used by health care personnel. Needles and syringes that have been used to treat Ebola patients too need to be cleaned and disposed of in a proper fashion so that there are no traces of body fluids of infected patients (Focosi and Maggi)
This is indicative of the fact that there is absence of specific and effective treatment. This was noted during the most recent outbreak of the disease in 2014 (Matsuno and Takada)
Though bats and rodents can be infected with the virus under laboratory conditions, plants or arthropods seemed to be unaffected of the virus. There is also a belief among scientists that consumption of food that is contaminated with bat feces can cause the disease in humans (Peters and Peters)
The Spread of the Disease In humans, the major agent of human-to-human transmission of the virus is through the urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen of infected persons. Viruses of the disease remain present in these body fluids and when a healthy person comes in contact with any of the above mentioned agents the healthy person can get infected (Smith)
The Spread of the Disease In humans, the major agent of human-to-human transmission of the virus is through the urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen of infected persons. Viruses of the disease remain present in these body fluids and when a healthy person comes in contact with any of the above mentioned agents the healthy person can get infected (Smith)
When the virus replicates and multiplies in these cells, the infected cells travel to the regional lymph nodes, liver, and spleen and hence spread the virus across the body. In this process the vital organs of body function in the body get affected and infected by the virus (Stimola)
Healthcare personnel need to take special care and ear special clothing to avoid getting infected and subsequently spreading the virus (Anker and Andraghetti). The health care workers need to be careful about touching objects and articles that they use for treatment of Ebola patients such as syringes and other medical equipment (Willett)
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