That being said, the question arises: what is deviant behavior? Most individuals might be thought to be acting deviantly in society if they're violating what the significant social norms in that particular culture is (in the case of a juvenile delinquent, it would be going against the norms of the school and acting different from the children who are acting with more traditional or conventional behavior). There are many elements that can affect juvenile delinquency, for example, empirical realities suggest that there are racial discrepancies in schooling that could be responsible for the different levels of delinquency involvement between African-Americans and whites via a self-fulfilling prophecy: "higher drop out rate of black compared to white adolescents; charges of racially biased testing; categorization and tracking; negative teacher attitudes toward black students and lower teacher expectations for black than white students (Gibson 2002)
Criminological Theory Adults -- and especially adult educators -- have long been concerned with the miscreant behavior of youth. This concern may stem from the fact that our nation's future rests on the development of its younger individuals -- the idea being that the delinquent of today is the criminal of tomorrow if proper action isn't taken to ensure that any delinquent behaviors and/or antisocial behavior is stopped (Shoemaker)
Criminology Personal Criminological Theory: How to Explain the Occurrence of Crime, and Why People Commit Crime? People commit crimes for many reasons; this paper is based on the assumption that people commit crimes because they experience some type of wanting, or have needs that have not been fulfilled whether as a child or as a young adult. While not all children that suffer will grow up into criminals, early sociological and psychological theories suggest children at risk for criminal behavior include those children that do not have their basic needs met when young, and thus turn to deviant behaviors to fulfill some gap they perceive or believe they have mentally or emotionally (although in some cases physical needs must also be addressed) (Ashworth, 2003)
The researcher go on to note that criminological research is distinctive in that it combines sociology and psychology in interesting ways to explore abnormal behaviors or those that deviate from the expected norm. It is vital in crime to measure it accurately, so this suggests a review of statistics should show whether young children coming from oppressive homes or those lacking direction are more likely to turn to crime than others (Carrabine, Iganski, Lee et al
Sutherland's differential association theory argues that "criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication." (Mork, 1) Such is to say that in a broader system where corruption or otherwise deviant behavior is epidemic, those involved in criminal or deviant activities have been bred into such roles by their access to others of a similar orientation
But the connection isn't so plain with violent crimes like murder and rape. That bolsters the theory of a more rational criminal: When the economy flags, people inclined to crime opt for dishonest income; they don't start shooting people" (Forelle 2009)
They might shape some of the more lurid details of the crime, such as the ritualistic aspects of his behavior, but eliminating pornography will not eliminate rapes and murders. Laboratory research indicates a slight tendency that pornography can "predispose some males to desire rape or intensify this desire and undermine some males' internal and social inhibitions against acting out rape desires" although it is very difficult to measures such affects in artificial laboratory settings (Jensen 2004, p
This could involve learning to copy computer software or use illegal drugs. Can differential association explain these actions? Sutherlands and Cressey's theory of differential association postulates that criminal behavior is learned behavior and is rooted in the perception that 'everyone is doing it so it must be okay' (Hamlin 2006)
1997) Researchers have, however, identified many common characteristics as, type of victims, modus operandi and motivation of the killers in serial murders occurring across the world. (Aki 2003) The overriding motive identified amongst serial killers is either use of sex to dominate the victim and enjoy the fact that the victim has been overpowered rather than pure lust, or, obtaining some other form of psychological gratification by committing the murder
Introduction Academics have failed to reach a consensus as to what constitutes a serial murder, but, for the purposes of this essay; three or more "repetitive sequential homicides" of any type are considered as serial murders. (Douglas, et al
(Aki 2003) The overriding motive identified amongst serial killers is either use of sex to dominate the victim and enjoy the fact that the victim has been overpowered rather than pure lust, or, obtaining some other form of psychological gratification by committing the murder. (Egger 1998) An uncanny correlation between gender of the murderer and the modus operandi of murder has also been identified by researchers as they concluded, male serial killers generally used superior physical force and resorted to stabbing, strangulating or beating as their favorite means of killing the victim
While male serial killers preyed upon complete strangers that were physically weak or vulnerable as, children, the elderly, the homeless, prostitutes or mentally retarded persons (Kraemer, Lord and Heilbrun 2004), female serial killers hardly ever ventured outside their known circle of family members, friends, partners, acquaintances and dependents and took extra efforts to make the serial killings appear as natural deaths. (Fox and Levin 2005) Main Text Categories of Serial Killers Serial killers can be primarily categorized into organized and unorganized types depending on how much careful and specific planning they undertake prior to murder
(Egger 1998) An uncanny correlation between gender of the murderer and the modus operandi of murder has also been identified by researchers as they concluded, male serial killers generally used superior physical force and resorted to stabbing, strangulating or beating as their favorite means of killing the victim. (Kraemer, Lord and Heilbrun 2004) The female serial killers, though far fewer in number, varying between 12% and 17% of the total incidents of serial killings every year (Hickey and Holmes 1991), used poison as their preferred weapon of killing
(Egger 1998) An uncanny correlation between gender of the murderer and the modus operandi of murder has also been identified by researchers as they concluded, male serial killers generally used superior physical force and resorted to stabbing, strangulating or beating as their favorite means of killing the victim. (Kraemer, Lord and Heilbrun 2004) The female serial killers, though far fewer in number, varying between 12% and 17% of the total incidents of serial killings every year (Hickey and Holmes 1991), used poison as their preferred weapon of killing
(Fox and Levin 2005) Main Text Categories of Serial Killers Serial killers can be primarily categorized into organized and unorganized types depending on how much careful and specific planning they undertake prior to murder. Further, they are subdivided into the following four categories: Visionary -- they claim to have received orders from either God or Devil to kill Missionary -- they consider it their duty to eliminate undesirable elements as prostitutes from society Hedonistic -- consists of either lust killer or thrill killer who kills either for sex or simply for the thrill of being able to murder a person Power/Control -- the killer is motivated by the sense of power that they enjoy by completely subjugating another fellow individual (Holmes and Deburger 1998) Serial Murders as Contrasted to Homicides A typical homicide in Australia consisted of a white male in his thirties killing his male acquaintance in a residential quarter with a knife as a consequence of major disagreement
(Kraemer, Lord and Heilbrun 2004) The female serial killers, though far fewer in number, varying between 12% and 17% of the total incidents of serial killings every year (Hickey and Holmes 1991), used poison as their preferred weapon of killing. (Kelleher and Kelleher 1998) There has also been a similarity in the choice of victims among serial killers across the world
(Egger 1998) An uncanny correlation between gender of the murderer and the modus operandi of murder has also been identified by researchers as they concluded, male serial killers generally used superior physical force and resorted to stabbing, strangulating or beating as their favorite means of killing the victim. (Kraemer, Lord and Heilbrun 2004) The female serial killers, though far fewer in number, varying between 12% and 17% of the total incidents of serial killings every year (Hickey and Holmes 1991), used poison as their preferred weapon of killing
Further, they are subdivided into the following four categories: Visionary -- they claim to have received orders from either God or Devil to kill Missionary -- they consider it their duty to eliminate undesirable elements as prostitutes from society Hedonistic -- consists of either lust killer or thrill killer who kills either for sex or simply for the thrill of being able to murder a person Power/Control -- the killer is motivated by the sense of power that they enjoy by completely subjugating another fellow individual (Holmes and Deburger 1998) Serial Murders as Contrasted to Homicides A typical homicide in Australia consisted of a white male in his thirties killing his male acquaintance in a residential quarter with a knife as a consequence of major disagreement. (Mouzos and Houliaras 2006) However, serial killings in Australia bore an uncanny resemblance to serial murders in other continents
). A modern variation of classical criminological theories is that of social-control theory which likewise suggests that the potential for criminality exists within use all, if there are no institutional structures to provide incentives for existing in a state of harmony with others (Flowers 2002)
The field of epigenetics, for example, stresses the degree to which certain genetic tendencies can interact with the environment. Recently, the nature-nurture debate was "declared to be officially redundant by social scientists and scientists, outdated, naive and unhelpful" and it was said that "nature and nurture interact to affect behaviour through complex and not yet fully understood ways, but, in practice, the debate continues," particularly in the field of criminology and in relation to juvenile-related crimes specifically (Levitt 2013)