Developed world vs Developing world The developed countries have e relatively low prevalence of cholera and the epidemics are not as rampant and intense as the developing countries. For instance, the cholera situation in Australia is so minimal that in 2006, only three cases were detected and these were after 30 years (Bradley et al., 2007
6 Development of a nation and health Development, in a nutshell, is the proper management of income and resources of a country in order to provide quality life to the citizens. The quality life would include provision of good education, health care, adequate employment opportunities, safe drinking water and clean air, reduction of crime and many more (World Bank 2004, p
"Shoot me," he said, with his hand on his chest. "There is no greater glory than to die for love" (Marquez)
The primary endemic regions are in Central and Southern Africa and coast regions of the Indian Peninsula and Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization notes that the incidence risk environmentally is primarily based on the level of sanitation (Ali, M
The infection varies between little or no symptoms to serious and life-threatening cases. In about 5% of the population, infected individuals will have massive watery diarrhea, vomiting, leg cramps, and resulting ancillary issues caused by shock and dehydration (Bjorklund, 2011)
The disease typically lasts from 4-6 days, but may present minor symptoms even after the 6-day period for up to a month. People infected with cholera do not become immune, and may be reinfected at later times (Brock, T
Certainly, cholera is more endemic during high stress times (disasters, etc.) and is found in humans, water birds, shellfish, fish and even some herbivores (Krauss, H
Because the disease may be asymptomatic for several weeks, vibrios are shed in small and intermittent quantities, making the population even more vulnerable. Symptomatic patients may actually shed the bacteria before the clinical signs of the illness and up to 2 weeks after feeling better (Nelson, E
The major symptoms of the disease are diarrhea and vomiting, with transmission and infection of the bacteria occurring through drinking water or eating food that has been contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Thus, cholera tends to become a serious public health outbreak in areas in which there is inadequate sanitation or treatment plants, or a large population that uses a body of water (river, stream, lake, pond) for bathing, drinking and disposing of waste (Coleman, 2009)
In addition, over 1/4 million houses had to be razed to the ground, and 30,000 commercial buildings were no longer safe for occupation. If this were not enough, scholars believe that the region is now poised for stronger earthquakes and additional environmental devastation (Fountain, 2010)
There was so little infrastructure left that confusion abounded on who was in charge, what networks were open, how to prioritize shipments, lack of available airport runways, and even a true census of the aftermath. Health issues became serious: water, when available, was polluted; the number dead and unburied bred disease, there was not enough medical personnel to go around to the thousands hurt, and the population, scared and displaced, sometimes resorted to violence just to survive (Lies, 2011)
Cholera is sometimes known as the "blue death," since many of those infected turn bluish-gray due to loss of fluids. This dehydration is often so rapid and severe that the patient experiences extremely low blood pressure, poor skin rigor, rapid pulse, hyperthermia, and in advanced cases confusion, shock and death (Sack, D
5% per annum. This rapid growth pushed millions into marginal areas like floodplains or other land that could be used to repair the lagging agricultural system (Talk, 2010)
The earthquake caused a great deal of rubble throughout the island, and about 98% of the forest cover was lost due to strong winds and upwelling of top soil. With a lack of infrastructure and a devastated population, stripping of what little land is available will only compound the problem (Theodore and Dupont, 2012, pp
Contamination of natural water sources is long-term, with the risks of e-coli and cholera rampant. Haiti's small agricultural industry will likely remain devastated due to the lack of any decent topsoil, harming the industry and the island's ability to feed itself (Watson, et al
The bacterium responsible for cholera is called Vibrio cholera. Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae in 1883 during an outbreak in Egypt (Handa, 2007)
At the time there was a cholera epidemic in London, and a new germ theory of disease was being vociferously debated in the medical community. Snow "concluded that the cholera cases clustered around a well in central London when cholera was at its peak during the summer months" (Colwell, 2006, p
Cholera was not recognized as such until the late nineteenth century, it has been afflicting its victims for centuries. "In 1832, in the days before germ theory, it was an affliction without cause or logic" (Jortner, 2007, p
Normally, a person's stomach acid is potent enough to kill most microbes, including the one that is present in cholera. "However, some baceteria -- including the one that causes cholera -- regularly pass through this gauntlet (stomach acid) to wreak havoc in the intestines" (Seppa, 2002, p
It's fitting that Garcia Marquez chose the climatic moments to hammer home those themes once again. Author Jean Franco, professor of Latin American Literature at Columbia University, critiquing the last scenes in the novel writes, "bodies fail long before passions are spent" (Franco, 1988)