From the perspective of the employer, providing on-site child care facilities holds both advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages include increased loyalty to the organization, a higher level of productivity and higher morale (Casey and Dobbs, 2007)
In 2011, however, almost half (47.5%) of all the families in the United States had two working parents (Finn, 2013)
Child care provider salaries will also add to the costs of the facility. These costs will have to be measured against the benefits to determine the viability of the project (Hahn, 2013)
For employees, the advantages are significant. Assuming that the employer will hire a child care provider who is reputable, employees will receive advantages such as lower stress levels, less commuting time, and a higher level of job satisfaction (Hein and Cassirer, 2010)
Partnerships with child care facilities can also benfit these facilities by creating extra income and business. Implementation Implementation costs are likely to be high and need to be carefully offset against what will be gained in terms of saved work hours, hiring, and training requirements (Magloff, 2013)
S. They cited the importance of ensuring that all children acquire foundations in language arts necessary to "explore, comprehend, and discuss topical concepts in all content areas if they are to succeed academically" (Bracken and Crawford 2010, p
because of long-standing philosophical traditions about the period of time in a child's life from infancy to age seven, the so-called "age of reason." Earlier models of ECE were framed largely from the aristocratic perspective, in which "relatively distant parental figures have outsourced their educational and emotional responsibilities to a range of professional nurses, tutors and mentors " (Davis, 2010, p
And make some recommendations for future study. Background on Early Childhood Education Early childhood education in the United States has a long history of changing roles and revised goals (Kagan and Reid 2009, p 572)
Indonesia has no standardized a preschool program, although there is a curriculum for public kindergartens. Schooling for preschoolers tends to emphasize creativity and good hygiene, and strongly support informal playgroups and parent education (Levine 2005, p
Background on Early Childhood Education Early childhood education in the United States has a long history of changing roles and revised goals (Kagan and Reid 2009, p 572). It has been charged that the same is true in the United Kingdom, with both nations lagging behind practices, programs and government support found in other European nations (Moss 1999, p
must redouble their efforts to bring quality ECE to their nations' children. One of the issues at the heart of quality ECE programs is the debate between pedagogical traditions, which tend to focus on developmentally-oriented practices, and the curriculum-based structure of primary school (Walsh, McGuinness, Sproule & Trew 2010, p
International Comparative Childcare In Michael Levine's 2005 secondary research article on promoting early childhood education (ECE) in the E-9 countries, summaries of the reasoning behind ECE and current efforts underway are followed by recommendations for the future (Levine 2005)
, United States, and the private sector as well (Levine 2005). In another 2005 secondary research article on ECE around the world, Michelle Neuman discusses challenges facing emerging nations, some strategies implemented to deal with those challenges, and suggests that the United States can learn from the examples set by these countries (Neuman 2005)
Section Three Stated is that "The advent of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997), and its widespread acceptance as a guide to both the nature and quality of early childhood programs has also resulted in an emphasis on developmental psychology as the underpinning of early childhood teacher education programs (Dahlberg, et al., 1999)" (Dockett, 2005) as cited by McClure (2002) is that, " "Competent and fair professional service delivery helps build the public trust essential for effective markets and civil societies
The parent has no good choice in this case. Low-income families are particularly at risk for this type of dilemma (Heymann, Penrose, & Earle, 2006)
The parent has no good choice in this case. Low-income families are particularly at risk for this type of dilemma (Heymann, Penrose, & Earle, 2006)
Since studies indicate that fewer Canadian women work in high-quality jobs such as technology, and many more work in lower paying jobs in the service sector, this means there have been fewer opportunities for women to advance into more lucrative careers, and these careers have been dwindling, as well. In addition, Canadian women lead the numbers of the poor and impoverished in the country (Caplin, 2003), and this is a result of their reliance on lower paying jobs because they are the only ones available to them
While in the past, a large number of jobs in Canada were in the manufacturing sector, today, those jobs represent a relative minority in the workforce, and the largest number of jobs is in the service sector. Computer technology has also transformed the work environment, and many jobs are disappearing overseas (Dhruvarajan and Vickers, 2002, p
4% of men, and only 19.7% of women are in them" (Fenwick, 2004, p
A journalist reviewing several books on working women in Canada writes, "Taken together, these recent books paint a picture of hard work, poor conditions, and the persistence of low wages for 'feminized' work. They show difficulties in remedying both low wages and undervalued work via social policy and in some cases trade unionism, and discuss the varied strategies employed by women to enact change" (Kainer, 2003, p