Another expert states, "Large-scale cattle ranching operations are moving into the area, only adding to the problem. Historically a large portion of deforestation in Brazil can be attributed to land clearing for pastureland by commercial and speculative interests" (Butler)
Another expert says, "For instance, improving the monitoring of species loss reduces ignorance about the ecological system and may lead to patents for medicinal plants. The latter enables synergies that integrate indigenous knowledge into management/conservation" (Reyer)
This devastation comes from many sources, but much of it comes from the slash and burn type of agriculture that natives have practiced for centuries. Another writer notes, "Where the trees once stood, slash and burn techniques had converted the land to pastures" (Tatum 1)
The quest of modernity was parallel to an intensified quest for brasilidade, which embraced all things that had remained relatively untouched by what was viewed as an intensive nineteenth-century re-Europeanisation of Brazilian society and culture with its consequent economic and cultural dependency. During the Empire which followed Independence, economic domination was British and cultural French (Pilippou, 2005)
Corrupt politicians and lack of support for a predominately military rule has led to a decline in public support for political parties in the last decade, as well as the existence of more than 30 political parties overall in the nation (Lomheim, 2004). A majority of the economic and business activity that occurs within Brazil is concentrated in southeastern states including those of So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais (Kullman, 2004)
However, careful attention to business and economic trends as well as the rules and regulations that govern business operations in Brazil can ensure the success of even marginally lucrative endeavors. Current Business Conditions Brazil Brazil is considered the largest nation in South America with more than 160 residents and twenty six states (Lomheim, 2004)
Brazil is described by the two analysts as having a "diversified industrial base and resolute private sector" however the authors also suggest that many swings are evident within the business economy. These fluctuations have according to the authors, "sent numerous multinationals packing, while transforming a few local speculators into billionaires" (Rideg & Price, 2003)
Revelations such as these "underscore the Amazon's biological richness (it is home to more than a quarter of the world's known primate species) and its continuing mystery (unknown, 1992)." Other species found in the rain forest in the past years include the "Black-headed Sague Dwarf, which was discovered in 1996 and is the second-smallest monkey ever found; the Zog-Zog, which was discovered in 1997 and is one of four new monkey species found in a single year in the Amazon region; and a species of Piranha, which was discovered in 1996 and whose young eat floating fruits and seeds while the adults devour fish flesh (Cannell, 1999)
miles and stretches into eight countries besides Brazil, including Venezuela to the north, Peru to the west and Bolivia to the south. The river itself, fed by more than 1,000 tributaries, meanders for 4,000 miles and every hour the Amazon delivers an average of 170 billion gallons of water to the Atlantic (Linden,1989)
With the developmen to 'flex' vehicles, the market penetration by 2010 had reached an astounding ten million vehicles. The success of this marketing program lays in the fact that the flex vehicles can run on any proportion of ethanol and gasoline (Delgadoa, Araujo, & Fernandes, 2007)
As the business opens to more global influences, this issue of labor will demand attention. For an industry that is fast becoming a verifiable and sustainable model of energy development, the labor that supplies the demand will likely get its fair share of attention (Goldemberg, 2007)
However, Cosan has encountered pushback due to its treatment of employees, and even global market giants like Walmart have suspended contracts with Cosan until this issue is resolved. Additionally, the banks of Brazil have put holds on any future lending until Cosan deals with the labor issue (Martinelli & Filoso, 2008)
The instruments impact recommendations that reduce overcrowding make prisons more self-sufficient, promote reintegration and rehabilitation programs, and make prison administrators more accountable for respective actions. The tools encourage best practices; promote the Developing countries Charter on Human Rights while supporting establishment of the Basic Rights Charter for Prisoners in collaboration with the UN (Adetula, Adetula & Fatusin, 2010)
Success of sentencing schemes depends on the transparency and integrity of the major criminal justice system. Most criminal justice systems in developing countries are riddle with corruption without taking strategic steps towards addressing the problem (Austin, 2008)
In the end, Brazilian prisons face higher recidivism rates that strains financial and social resources of the impoverished nations. Resource scarcity translates into deprivation of the prisoners' rights (Baer & Ravneberg, 2008)
For instance, while Brazilian prisons cannot accommodate as many prisoners as those in developed parts of the globe, shortages of judges and police are credited for surging prison populations. The personnel shortages translate into an increase of remand prisoners and pre-trial detainees who are mostly the vast majority of prison populations (Friedman & Parenti, 2013)
However, this should change to allow residents and citizens in Brazil to access the reports. Irrespective of having the reports varying across countries, the reports from the SRPs face an overwhelming call for an increase in resources dedicated to facilities in prisons (Jewkes, Crewe & Bennett, 2012)
For each of the sites, SRPs meet administrators, tour the facilities, and meet inmates in presence of the prison officials. Immediately SRPs conclude their visits; they meet government officials to table recommendations on major issues (Othmani -- & Bessis, 2008)
For instance, the Commission brings onboard the Charter on Welfare and Rights of the Child, UN Standard Minimum Rules for Prisoners and the UN Body of Principles for All Person Protection. Other treaties include International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Rights of Women Protocol (Trebilcock & Daniels, 2009)
An example as to how extreme the problem has become can be seen by looking no further than World Watch's State of the World Report which said,"Forest are shrinking, water tables are falling, soils are eroding, wetlands are disappearing, fisheries are collapsing, range lands are deteriorating, rivers are running dry, temperatures are rising, coral reefs are dying and plant and animal species are disappearing." (Hallowell and Levy 210 -- 211) This is significant because it underscore how vital the Amazon is for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the planet