According to Correia and Ngo (2008), the Case Study house series were "intended to put industrialization into effect and promote the ideas of modernism," (30). The Case Study houses could also be described as forerunners of the sustainable design trends, as the architects set out specifically to use "building components that were pre-designed, pre-engineered and pre-fabricated," (Correia and Ngo, 2008)
Universal techniques, materials, technologies, and cultural concepts of spaces and places have emerged, in the face of globalization and concurrent homogenization. On the other hand, there is a studied backlash against globalization and homogenization that permits a "resistant, identity-giving culture" unique to each place and space (Frampton, Part 3)
Universal techniques, materials, technologies, and cultural concepts of spaces and places have emerged, in the face of globalization and concurrent homogenization. On the other hand, there is a studied backlash against globalization and homogenization that permits a "resistant, identity-giving culture" unique to each place and space (Frampton, Part 3)
It is important therefore to identify the tectonic and syntactic elements that are shared in common between the two structures. Villa Tugendhat and Eames House (Case Study House #8) can be discussed as among "the most intensely discussed and influential buildings of the 20th Century," (Neumann 87)
Alto utilized his obsession of wood in this building and by adding bricks and copper. Romanticism is derivable from this building (Bandle et al
Aalto, just like the other famous pioneers were all students of the classical education. Thus, he began with the characteristics of Nordic Classism (Goodnow & Haci, 248)
These have been able to adopt a lot from the likes of Aalto by using some of their ideas. It was a challenge to the designers to create buildings for the function of dwelling of individuals while also keeping the aesthetic value (Mills)
In Scandinavia, it is easy to define the style as straightforward. The logic behind the simplicity of this was due to the limited resources which emphasized saving and proper utilization (Pile, 335)
Such was the case of architecture, according to author John Ruskin. In his book The Seven Lamps of Architecture Ruskin expounds on his belief that the only truly good architecture is made by people who are free (Ruskin, 1990)
Maria in Cosmedin in Rome is an example of a building that combines many of the earlier donations from Eastern and Islamic art with the contemporary ones of the Crusades era, and furthermore stands in the long East-West tradition of veneration of Mary so central to the earlier cultural borrowings. The church was consecrated in 1123 by Pope Calixtus II, the scion of a family that was "ferociously committed" to holy warfare (Derbes, 1995)
It also produced a flowering of science, arts and letters. Via the efforts of Andalusian translators the works of classical authors made their way into Christian Europe, laying the foundations of the Renaissance" (Lee, 1993) However, limiting contact to those two seminal events is to ignore the constant currents of cross-pollination between the paradisiacal vision of the Eastern world, and the redemptive vision of the West
Medieval Art and Architecture If one thing can be said about architects and artists working in medieval Europe it is this: They were shameless in their borrowings from all the cultures surrounding the Mediterranean, or coming across the central European mountain ranges. Armenia, a nation rarely considered in global artistic inquiry of any kind, was nonetheless a likely conduit for cultural donations because, while its position -- wedged between the Hellenistic, Iranian, Byzantine, and Islamic worlds -- destined it to a history of invasion and domination, it also allowed it to serve as a cultural intercessor between disparate traditions" (Parseghian, 1994)
Enterprises are increasingly reliant on cloud computing due to the cost advantages over traditional enterprise applications. Foremost among the many economic factors favoring cloud computing, the nascent business models in SaaS-based application deployment support a wide spectrum of operating expense (OPEX) based pricing and payment approaches including usage-based pricing (Bala, Carr, 2010)
SaaS is the application delivery layer of the broader cloud computing protocol stack that includes Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) at its base, followed by Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) at the midpoint. SaaS is at the top level of the cloud computing architecture, providing Application Programmer Interface (API) support for user and machine interfaces (Beimborn, Miletzki, Wenzel, 2011)
As enterprise-based SaaS applications initially are piloted to evaluate their integration, workflow support, and roles-based attributes relative to existing enterprise systems, it executives are able to quantify the financial benefits of the business models behind these applications as well. What it executives are discovering is that the potential exists for SaaS-based applications to drastically reduce operating expense budgeting approval times and constraints, but instead paying only for the computing and application time used (Benlian, Hess, 2011)
All other SaaS vendors also know this to be the case and actively strive to reduce the cost per user per month through vertical integration of their operations, often relying on alliances and partnerships with data centers and service providers (Gray, 2010). One aspect of the SaaS enterprise application architecture that continues to be of concern to even the most vocal supporters of this technology is security and stability of applications, incouding protecting data (Cusumano, 2010)
There are several approaches companies are taking to overcome this limitation. First, the use of SaaS-based applications entirely internal to a company, often called private cloud computing, has become pervasive due to security concerns over public-based cloud implementations (Doelitzscher, Sulistio, Reich, Kuijs, Wolf, 2011)
Implementing any new enterprise system therefore is one of the most challenging, difficult and risky decisions any senior management team can make. Often the success of enterprise systems, specifically ERP platform, is mixed (Finney, Corbett, 2007)
Often the success of enterprise systems, specifically ERP platform, is mixed (Finney, Corbett, 2007). Even when up to ten times the amount of investment is made in change management and system customization of ERP applications relative to original cost, this 10:1 ratio still fails to deliver consistent results (Gargeya, Brady, 2005)
com just needs to earn $8 per user, per month in order to attain break-even (Bala, Carr, 2010). All other SaaS vendors also know this to be the case and actively strive to reduce the cost per user per month through vertical integration of their operations, often relying on alliances and partnerships with data centers and service providers (Gray, 2010)